NUR 242 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. What are the etiologies of intracranial pressure?: Hemorrhage
(Fluid Build Up due to stroke or aneurysm)
Cerebral
Edema
Cerebral Spinal
Fluid
Tumor pushing on tissues
2. What is an overt S/S of cerebral Intracranial Pressure?:
Emesis - projectile vomiting Dizziness
3. Other manifestations of Increasing Intracranial pressure
(IICP): Pressure in the brain
Increased Blood
Pressure Bradycardia
(Decreased Pulse)
Cerebral Spinal Fluid Drainage (Ears, Nose)
,4. How would you know that the rhinorrhea or otorrhea
drainage is Cerebral Spinal Fluid and not typical
drainage?: Test for glucose
5. What type of diuretic is given for Increasing
Intracranial pressure?: Osmotic Diuretic - Mannitol
6. How would you know Mannitol is effective at
decreasing Intracranial pres-sure?: Increased urinary output
Reduced BP
Level of Consciousness
Improvement Less
headache
7. Do I need to worry about orthostatic hypotension with
diuretics like manni-
tol?: No, Osmotic diuretics work ditterently than other diuretics. Osmotic diuretics
continuously pull fluid from the rest of the body into the vascular space. Constantly
filling the vascular space.
8. What is the Monroe Kelly hypothesis?: The constant balance
between blood, tissue and CSF in the brain. If one increases or decreases
the others attempt to balance it out.
9. What is the underlying cause of diabetes insipidus?: To little
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
10. How does having too few ADH affect the fluid and
electrolyte balance in the body?: The patient will be hypernatremic
Dehydrated
There is no antidiuretic to stop the fluid loss
,11. How does excessive secretion of ADH (SIADH) impact the
body: Too much of the hormone ADH
Hyponatremia and fluid overloaded
12. Glascow Coma Scale (GCS): an evaluation tool used to ousness, which
determine level of consci assigns point values for eyes, verbal
and motor functions.
13. frontal lobe function: involved in motor function: problem solving, memory,
judgment, impulse control
14. parietal lobe function: Visual
attention. Touch perception.
Goal directed voluntary
movements. Manipulation
of objects.
Integration of ditterent senses that allows for understanding a single concept
15. frontal lobe observed problems: Loss of simple movement of
various body parts (Paralysis). Inability to plan a sequence of complex
movements needed to complete multi•stepped tasks, such as making cottee
(Sequencing).
Loss of spontaneity in interacting
with others. Loss of flexibility in
thinking.
, Persistence of a single thought
(Perseveration). Inability to focus
on a task (Attending).
Mood changes
(Emotionally Labile).
Changes in social
behavior.
Changes in
personality. Diflculty
with problem solving.
Inability to express language (Broca's Aphasia or Expressive Aphasia).
16. parietal lobe observed problems: Inability to attend to more
than one object at a time. Inability to name an object (Anomia).
Inability to locate the words for writing
(Agraphia). Problems with reading
(Alexia).
Diflculty with drawing objects.
Diflculty in distinguishing left from right.
1. What are the etiologies of intracranial pressure?: Hemorrhage
(Fluid Build Up due to stroke or aneurysm)
Cerebral
Edema
Cerebral Spinal
Fluid
Tumor pushing on tissues
2. What is an overt S/S of cerebral Intracranial Pressure?:
Emesis - projectile vomiting Dizziness
3. Other manifestations of Increasing Intracranial pressure
(IICP): Pressure in the brain
Increased Blood
Pressure Bradycardia
(Decreased Pulse)
Cerebral Spinal Fluid Drainage (Ears, Nose)
,4. How would you know that the rhinorrhea or otorrhea
drainage is Cerebral Spinal Fluid and not typical
drainage?: Test for glucose
5. What type of diuretic is given for Increasing
Intracranial pressure?: Osmotic Diuretic - Mannitol
6. How would you know Mannitol is effective at
decreasing Intracranial pres-sure?: Increased urinary output
Reduced BP
Level of Consciousness
Improvement Less
headache
7. Do I need to worry about orthostatic hypotension with
diuretics like manni-
tol?: No, Osmotic diuretics work ditterently than other diuretics. Osmotic diuretics
continuously pull fluid from the rest of the body into the vascular space. Constantly
filling the vascular space.
8. What is the Monroe Kelly hypothesis?: The constant balance
between blood, tissue and CSF in the brain. If one increases or decreases
the others attempt to balance it out.
9. What is the underlying cause of diabetes insipidus?: To little
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
10. How does having too few ADH affect the fluid and
electrolyte balance in the body?: The patient will be hypernatremic
Dehydrated
There is no antidiuretic to stop the fluid loss
,11. How does excessive secretion of ADH (SIADH) impact the
body: Too much of the hormone ADH
Hyponatremia and fluid overloaded
12. Glascow Coma Scale (GCS): an evaluation tool used to ousness, which
determine level of consci assigns point values for eyes, verbal
and motor functions.
13. frontal lobe function: involved in motor function: problem solving, memory,
judgment, impulse control
14. parietal lobe function: Visual
attention. Touch perception.
Goal directed voluntary
movements. Manipulation
of objects.
Integration of ditterent senses that allows for understanding a single concept
15. frontal lobe observed problems: Loss of simple movement of
various body parts (Paralysis). Inability to plan a sequence of complex
movements needed to complete multi•stepped tasks, such as making cottee
(Sequencing).
Loss of spontaneity in interacting
with others. Loss of flexibility in
thinking.
, Persistence of a single thought
(Perseveration). Inability to focus
on a task (Attending).
Mood changes
(Emotionally Labile).
Changes in social
behavior.
Changes in
personality. Diflculty
with problem solving.
Inability to express language (Broca's Aphasia or Expressive Aphasia).
16. parietal lobe observed problems: Inability to attend to more
than one object at a time. Inability to name an object (Anomia).
Inability to locate the words for writing
(Agraphia). Problems with reading
(Alexia).
Diflculty with drawing objects.
Diflculty in distinguishing left from right.
