WGU C207 DATA-DRIVEN DECISION-
MAKING ADVANCED QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
1. A researcher is evaluating the impact of a new training program on employee productivity.
If the p-value is 0.03 and the significance level (alpha) is 0.05, what is the appropriate
statistical conclusion?
A. Reject the null hypothesis; the program has a significant effect.
B. Fail to reject the null hypothesis; the program has no effect.
C. Accept the null hypothesis; the program is ineffective.
D. Increase the sample size to decrease the p-value further.
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: When the p-value is less than the significance level (alpha), we
reject the null hypothesis, indicating that the results are statistically significant.
2. Which level of measurement allows for the ranking of data but does not have a consistent
scale of difference between the values?
A. Nominal
B. Ordinal
,C. Interval
D. Ratio
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Ordinal data involves ranking or order (e.g., first, second, third),
but the mathematical difference between ranks is not uniform.
3. In a regression analysis, the R-squared value is 0.85. How should this be interpreted?
A. There is an 85% probability that the null hypothesis is true.
B. The correlation coefficient is 0.85.
C. The model is 85% accurate in predicting every individual data point.
D. 85% of the variation in the dependent variable is explained by the independent
variables.
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: R-squared, or the coefficient of determination, measures the
proportion of variance in the dependent variable that is predictable from the independent
variable(s).
4. A quality control manager uses a control chart to monitor a manufacturing process. A
single point falls outside the upper control limit (UCL). What type of variation does this most
likely represent?
A. Common cause variation
, B. Normal distribution variation
C. Systemic variation
D. Special cause variation
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Special cause variation refers to unusual, unpredictable events
that fall outside the normal range of process variation, often indicated by points outside
control limits.
5. Which sampling method involves dividing the population into groups based on a
characteristic (like department) and then randomly selecting individuals from every group?
A. Cluster sampling
B. Systematic sampling
C. Convenience sampling
D. Stratified sampling
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Stratified sampling ensures representation from all subgroups
(strata) by sampling from every single group.
6. A ‘False Positive’ in hypothesis testing is formally known as:
A. Standard Error
B. Type II Error
MAKING ADVANCED QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
1. A researcher is evaluating the impact of a new training program on employee productivity.
If the p-value is 0.03 and the significance level (alpha) is 0.05, what is the appropriate
statistical conclusion?
A. Reject the null hypothesis; the program has a significant effect.
B. Fail to reject the null hypothesis; the program has no effect.
C. Accept the null hypothesis; the program is ineffective.
D. Increase the sample size to decrease the p-value further.
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: When the p-value is less than the significance level (alpha), we
reject the null hypothesis, indicating that the results are statistically significant.
2. Which level of measurement allows for the ranking of data but does not have a consistent
scale of difference between the values?
A. Nominal
B. Ordinal
,C. Interval
D. Ratio
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Ordinal data involves ranking or order (e.g., first, second, third),
but the mathematical difference between ranks is not uniform.
3. In a regression analysis, the R-squared value is 0.85. How should this be interpreted?
A. There is an 85% probability that the null hypothesis is true.
B. The correlation coefficient is 0.85.
C. The model is 85% accurate in predicting every individual data point.
D. 85% of the variation in the dependent variable is explained by the independent
variables.
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: R-squared, or the coefficient of determination, measures the
proportion of variance in the dependent variable that is predictable from the independent
variable(s).
4. A quality control manager uses a control chart to monitor a manufacturing process. A
single point falls outside the upper control limit (UCL). What type of variation does this most
likely represent?
A. Common cause variation
, B. Normal distribution variation
C. Systemic variation
D. Special cause variation
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Special cause variation refers to unusual, unpredictable events
that fall outside the normal range of process variation, often indicated by points outside
control limits.
5. Which sampling method involves dividing the population into groups based on a
characteristic (like department) and then randomly selecting individuals from every group?
A. Cluster sampling
B. Systematic sampling
C. Convenience sampling
D. Stratified sampling
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Stratified sampling ensures representation from all subgroups
(strata) by sampling from every single group.
6. A ‘False Positive’ in hypothesis testing is formally known as:
A. Standard Error
B. Type II Error
