MEDICAL-SURGICAL NURSING · COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
Med-Surg Final New Material
Practice Question Bank
Comprehensive Review with Questions, Answers & Rationales
Topics: Diabetes · Urinary System · Musculoskeletal · & More
Edition 1 · August 2026
,Table of Contents
1. Instructions for Use 2
2. Diabetes Mellitus 2
3. Urinary System & Renal Disorders 4
4. Musculoskeletal Disorders & Modalities 6
Med-Surg Final New Material · Nursing Review Page 1
, MED-SURG FINAL NEW MATERIAL GUIDE INSTRUCTIONS & DIABETES
How to Use This Guide
Read each stem, choose your answer, then check the rationale directly below it. The correct option is marked, and each
wrong option is explained so you understand why it's wrong — not just that it is.
Diabetes Mellitus
1 Which statement accurately describes the pathophysiology of Type 1 Diabetes?
A Destruction of beta cells in the pancreas leading to decreased insulin production
B Insulin resistance with increased insulin production
C Pancreatic tumor causing excessive insulin release
D Liver dysfunction causing glucose intolerance
Why A is correct: Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune destruction of beta cells, resulting in decreased
insulin production and fasting hyperglycemia.
B — This describes Type 2 diabetes.
C — This is not a typical mechanism of diabetes.
D — Liver dysfunction is not the primary cause.
2 What percentage of adults with diabetes have Type 2 diabetes?
A 5-10%
B 90-95%
C 50-60%
D 30-40%
Why B is correct: Type 2 diabetes affects approximately 90-95% of adults with diabetes and is increasing in adolescents
due to obesity.
A — This is the percentage for Type 1 diabetes.
C — This is not the correct percentage.
D — This is not the correct percentage.
Med-Surg Final New Material
Practice Question Bank
Comprehensive Review with Questions, Answers & Rationales
Topics: Diabetes · Urinary System · Musculoskeletal · & More
Edition 1 · August 2026
,Table of Contents
1. Instructions for Use 2
2. Diabetes Mellitus 2
3. Urinary System & Renal Disorders 4
4. Musculoskeletal Disorders & Modalities 6
Med-Surg Final New Material · Nursing Review Page 1
, MED-SURG FINAL NEW MATERIAL GUIDE INSTRUCTIONS & DIABETES
How to Use This Guide
Read each stem, choose your answer, then check the rationale directly below it. The correct option is marked, and each
wrong option is explained so you understand why it's wrong — not just that it is.
Diabetes Mellitus
1 Which statement accurately describes the pathophysiology of Type 1 Diabetes?
A Destruction of beta cells in the pancreas leading to decreased insulin production
B Insulin resistance with increased insulin production
C Pancreatic tumor causing excessive insulin release
D Liver dysfunction causing glucose intolerance
Why A is correct: Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune destruction of beta cells, resulting in decreased
insulin production and fasting hyperglycemia.
B — This describes Type 2 diabetes.
C — This is not a typical mechanism of diabetes.
D — Liver dysfunction is not the primary cause.
2 What percentage of adults with diabetes have Type 2 diabetes?
A 5-10%
B 90-95%
C 50-60%
D 30-40%
Why B is correct: Type 2 diabetes affects approximately 90-95% of adults with diabetes and is increasing in adolescents
due to obesity.
A — This is the percentage for Type 1 diabetes.
C — This is not the correct percentage.
D — This is not the correct percentage.
