NSG 3280 Exam 2 — 150 Practice Questions
,1. A nurse is assessing a pa ent who has developed an acute inflammatory response following
ssue injury. Which finding would the nurse expect?
A. Decreased blood flow to the injured area
B. Increased capillary permeability
C. Decreased leukocyte ac vity
D. Reduced produc on of inflammatory mediators
Answer: B. Increased capillary permeability
Ra onale: Increased capillary permeability is a key feature of acute inflamma on. It allows
plasma proteins and fluid to move into the ssues, contribu ng to swelling. Vasodila on and
leukocyte migra on also occur during the inflammatory response.
2. Which assessment finding is most characteris c of an acute bacterial infec on?
A. Bradycardia
B. Leukopenia
C. Elevated white blood cell count
D. Decreased body temperature
Answer: C. Elevated white blood cell count
Ra onale: Bacterial infec ons commonly s mulate leukocytosis, par cularly an increase in
neutrophils. The white blood cell response is part of the body's defense against invading
microorganisms.
3. A pa ent with an infec on has a temperature of 39.2°C (102.6°F). Which nursing interven on
is most appropriate?
A. Apply mul ple heavy blankets
B. Encourage appropriate fluid intake
C. Restrict oral fluids
D. Keep the room extremely warm
Answer: B. Encourage appropriate fluid intake
Ra onale: Fever increases metabolic ac vity and insensible fluid losses. Unless contraindicated,
adequate hydra on helps prevent dehydra on and supports physiologic func ons during an
infec on.
,4. A nurse is caring for a pa ent receiving an bio cs. Which finding requires the most
immediate follow-up?
A. Mild nausea
B. Decreased appe te
C. Difficulty breathing and facial swelling
D. Mild fa gue
Answer: C. Difficulty breathing and facial swelling
Ra onale: Difficulty breathing and facial swelling may indicate anaphylaxis, a poten ally life-
threatening allergic reac on. The nurse should recognize this as an emergency requiring
immediate interven on.
5. Which assessment finding is most concerning in a pa ent with a suspected systemic
infec on?
A. Temperature of 37.5°C
B. Heart rate of 112/min
C. Respiratory rate of 28/min
D. New confusion and hypotension
Answer: D. New confusion and hypotension
Ra onale: New altered mental status and hypotension can indicate impaired ssue perfusion
associated with severe systemic infec on or sepsis. These findings require prompt recogni on
and interven on.
6. Which ac on is most effec ve for preven ng transmission of microorganisms in a healthcare
se ng?
A. Wearing a mask for every pa ent
B. Performing appropriate hand hygiene
C. Using sterile gloves for every procedure
D. Restric ng visitors
Answer: B. Performing appropriate hand hygiene
, Ra onale: Hand hygiene is one of the most effec ve methods of preven ng healthcare-
associated infec ons. It should be performed at appropriate mes before and a er pa ent
contact and procedures.
7. A pa ent is placed on contact precau ons. Which personal protec ve equipment is generally
appropriate?
A. Gloves and gown
B. N95 respirator only
C. Surgical mask only
D. Face shield only
Answer: A. Gloves and gown
Ra onale: Contact precau ons are designed to prevent transmission through direct or indirect
contact. Gloves and gowns are commonly required when entering the pa ent's environment,
according to facility policy.
8. Which type of immunity develops a er receiving a vaccine?
A. Naturally acquired passive immunity
B. Ar ficially acquired ac ve immunity
C. Naturally acquired ac ve immunity
D. Ar ficially acquired passive immunity
Answer: B. Ar ficially acquired ac ve immunity
Ra onale: Vaccina on introduces an an gen that s mulates the individual's immune system to
develop an immune response and memory. Because it is produced through medical interven on,
it is ar ficially acquired ac ve immunity.
9. Which immunoglobulin is primarily associated with allergic reac ons?
A. IgA
B. IgG
C. IgM
D. IgE
Answer: D. IgE
,1. A nurse is assessing a pa ent who has developed an acute inflammatory response following
ssue injury. Which finding would the nurse expect?
A. Decreased blood flow to the injured area
B. Increased capillary permeability
C. Decreased leukocyte ac vity
D. Reduced produc on of inflammatory mediators
Answer: B. Increased capillary permeability
Ra onale: Increased capillary permeability is a key feature of acute inflamma on. It allows
plasma proteins and fluid to move into the ssues, contribu ng to swelling. Vasodila on and
leukocyte migra on also occur during the inflammatory response.
2. Which assessment finding is most characteris c of an acute bacterial infec on?
A. Bradycardia
B. Leukopenia
C. Elevated white blood cell count
D. Decreased body temperature
Answer: C. Elevated white blood cell count
Ra onale: Bacterial infec ons commonly s mulate leukocytosis, par cularly an increase in
neutrophils. The white blood cell response is part of the body's defense against invading
microorganisms.
3. A pa ent with an infec on has a temperature of 39.2°C (102.6°F). Which nursing interven on
is most appropriate?
A. Apply mul ple heavy blankets
B. Encourage appropriate fluid intake
C. Restrict oral fluids
D. Keep the room extremely warm
Answer: B. Encourage appropriate fluid intake
Ra onale: Fever increases metabolic ac vity and insensible fluid losses. Unless contraindicated,
adequate hydra on helps prevent dehydra on and supports physiologic func ons during an
infec on.
,4. A nurse is caring for a pa ent receiving an bio cs. Which finding requires the most
immediate follow-up?
A. Mild nausea
B. Decreased appe te
C. Difficulty breathing and facial swelling
D. Mild fa gue
Answer: C. Difficulty breathing and facial swelling
Ra onale: Difficulty breathing and facial swelling may indicate anaphylaxis, a poten ally life-
threatening allergic reac on. The nurse should recognize this as an emergency requiring
immediate interven on.
5. Which assessment finding is most concerning in a pa ent with a suspected systemic
infec on?
A. Temperature of 37.5°C
B. Heart rate of 112/min
C. Respiratory rate of 28/min
D. New confusion and hypotension
Answer: D. New confusion and hypotension
Ra onale: New altered mental status and hypotension can indicate impaired ssue perfusion
associated with severe systemic infec on or sepsis. These findings require prompt recogni on
and interven on.
6. Which ac on is most effec ve for preven ng transmission of microorganisms in a healthcare
se ng?
A. Wearing a mask for every pa ent
B. Performing appropriate hand hygiene
C. Using sterile gloves for every procedure
D. Restric ng visitors
Answer: B. Performing appropriate hand hygiene
, Ra onale: Hand hygiene is one of the most effec ve methods of preven ng healthcare-
associated infec ons. It should be performed at appropriate mes before and a er pa ent
contact and procedures.
7. A pa ent is placed on contact precau ons. Which personal protec ve equipment is generally
appropriate?
A. Gloves and gown
B. N95 respirator only
C. Surgical mask only
D. Face shield only
Answer: A. Gloves and gown
Ra onale: Contact precau ons are designed to prevent transmission through direct or indirect
contact. Gloves and gowns are commonly required when entering the pa ent's environment,
according to facility policy.
8. Which type of immunity develops a er receiving a vaccine?
A. Naturally acquired passive immunity
B. Ar ficially acquired ac ve immunity
C. Naturally acquired ac ve immunity
D. Ar ficially acquired passive immunity
Answer: B. Ar ficially acquired ac ve immunity
Ra onale: Vaccina on introduces an an gen that s mulates the individual's immune system to
develop an immune response and memory. Because it is produced through medical interven on,
it is ar ficially acquired ac ve immunity.
9. Which immunoglobulin is primarily associated with allergic reac ons?
A. IgA
B. IgG
C. IgM
D. IgE
Answer: D. IgE
