SHS 485 CORRECT EXAMS ANSWERS AND
QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔Hemorrhagic - ✔✔rupture of an artery
- bulging of an artery that if not caught typically leads to rupture/bleed = aneurysm
- difficult to know the effects of the bleeding, deficits are often
✔✔TBI - ✔✔caused by a blow to the head or violent head movement
- only applicable when there is evidence of total or partial functional consistent disability
or psychological impairment, or both
✔✔types of TBI - ✔✔Open Head Injury: penetrating wound, skull is opened/cracked,
Closed Head Injury: skull remains intact but brain is damaged due to compression
(pressure), stretching, shearing
✔✔Tumor - ✔✔abnormal tissue growth
✔✔Gliomas - ✔✔tumors that develop from when glial cells grow wild
✔✔Meningiomas - ✔✔tumors that develop in the meninges, the membrane surrounding
your brain
✔✔How tumors cause language deficits - ✔✔compression
disrupting blood flow to healthy cells
tumor resection may need to include removal of some healthy tissue
✔✔Degenerative Diseases - ✔✔Progressive, diffuse damage
-Parkinson's: disruption of basal ganglia
-Alzheimer's: most recognizable form of dementia
-Dementia
-Primary Progressive Aphasia: declines of the brain that begin in language regions
, ✔✔Major neurological methods - ✔✔are used to understand cause of deficits, and
effects of treatments
1) highly invasive techniques
2) slightly less invasive techniques
3) non invasive techniques
✔✔Highly invasive techniques - ✔✔neurosurgical methods
- direct cortical stimulation
-- Used to determine regions necessary for language prior to surgery
- implanted electrode grids
-- used to determine regions necessary for language prior to surgery
✔✔Direct cortical stimulation - ✔✔- delivery of a small electric current directly on the
cortical surface
- causes temporary disruption or facilitation of function in cortex being stimulated
- used clinically to map function, so that critical regions can be avoided during tissue
resection
✔✔Why is direct cortical stimulation used to examine language function? - ✔✔Used to
determine regions necessary for language prior to/during surgery
✔✔Slightly less invasive methods - ✔✔Wada procedure
Brain Angiogram
✔✔Wada procedure - ✔✔injection of sodium amytal into one and then the other carotid
artery temporarily (5-10 mins) puts half the brain to sleep allowing neurologists to
assess function in the awake hemisphere
✔✔Brain Angiogram - ✔✔an image of the arteries in the brain/head
- often administered post stroke
- requires injection of dye
✔✔Non invasive methods - ✔✔EEG
MRI
fMRI
✔✔EEG - ✔✔electroencephalography
- scalp electrodes measure the summed activity of large population of active neurons
- can look at the changes in this brain activity as a function of mental activity
- does not look at specific parts of brain but measures processing
- most common medical implication of EEG is to see seizures
✔✔MRI - ✔✔magnetic resonance imaging
- provides a high resolution picture of the structure of the brain
QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔Hemorrhagic - ✔✔rupture of an artery
- bulging of an artery that if not caught typically leads to rupture/bleed = aneurysm
- difficult to know the effects of the bleeding, deficits are often
✔✔TBI - ✔✔caused by a blow to the head or violent head movement
- only applicable when there is evidence of total or partial functional consistent disability
or psychological impairment, or both
✔✔types of TBI - ✔✔Open Head Injury: penetrating wound, skull is opened/cracked,
Closed Head Injury: skull remains intact but brain is damaged due to compression
(pressure), stretching, shearing
✔✔Tumor - ✔✔abnormal tissue growth
✔✔Gliomas - ✔✔tumors that develop from when glial cells grow wild
✔✔Meningiomas - ✔✔tumors that develop in the meninges, the membrane surrounding
your brain
✔✔How tumors cause language deficits - ✔✔compression
disrupting blood flow to healthy cells
tumor resection may need to include removal of some healthy tissue
✔✔Degenerative Diseases - ✔✔Progressive, diffuse damage
-Parkinson's: disruption of basal ganglia
-Alzheimer's: most recognizable form of dementia
-Dementia
-Primary Progressive Aphasia: declines of the brain that begin in language regions
, ✔✔Major neurological methods - ✔✔are used to understand cause of deficits, and
effects of treatments
1) highly invasive techniques
2) slightly less invasive techniques
3) non invasive techniques
✔✔Highly invasive techniques - ✔✔neurosurgical methods
- direct cortical stimulation
-- Used to determine regions necessary for language prior to surgery
- implanted electrode grids
-- used to determine regions necessary for language prior to surgery
✔✔Direct cortical stimulation - ✔✔- delivery of a small electric current directly on the
cortical surface
- causes temporary disruption or facilitation of function in cortex being stimulated
- used clinically to map function, so that critical regions can be avoided during tissue
resection
✔✔Why is direct cortical stimulation used to examine language function? - ✔✔Used to
determine regions necessary for language prior to/during surgery
✔✔Slightly less invasive methods - ✔✔Wada procedure
Brain Angiogram
✔✔Wada procedure - ✔✔injection of sodium amytal into one and then the other carotid
artery temporarily (5-10 mins) puts half the brain to sleep allowing neurologists to
assess function in the awake hemisphere
✔✔Brain Angiogram - ✔✔an image of the arteries in the brain/head
- often administered post stroke
- requires injection of dye
✔✔Non invasive methods - ✔✔EEG
MRI
fMRI
✔✔EEG - ✔✔electroencephalography
- scalp electrodes measure the summed activity of large population of active neurons
- can look at the changes in this brain activity as a function of mental activity
- does not look at specific parts of brain but measures processing
- most common medical implication of EEG is to see seizures
✔✔MRI - ✔✔magnetic resonance imaging
- provides a high resolution picture of the structure of the brain
