PATH 370 WEEK 8 QUIZ STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026

PATH 370 WEEK 8 QUIZ STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026 Polar injury (coup-contrecoup) - Answers Brain injury resulting from acceleration-deceleration forces causing damage at opposite sides. Interventions to lower increased intracranial pressure (ICP) - Answers Head elevation, water restriction, hyperventilation, and bed rest. Causes of increased ICP - Answers Hematomas, hydrocephalus, cerebral edema, tumors, and intracranial hemorrhage. Ruptured cerebral aneurysm presentation - Answers Sudden, severe headache; commonly results in subarachnoid hemorrhage. Classic symptoms of meningitis - Answers Nuchal rigidity (stiff neck), high fever, and severe headache. Primary cause of encephalitis - Answers Viral infection. Most critical determinant for acute stroke therapy - Answers Distinguishing between ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Most important preventive measure for hemorrhagic stroke - Answers Blood pressure control. Clinical manifestations of unilateral hemisphere stroke - Answers Contralateral hemiplegia, contralateral hemisensory loss, contralateral visual blindness, ipsilateral facial paralysis. First step in acute stroke management - Answers Stabilize airway, breathing, and circulation (ABCs). Epidural hematoma classic clinical presentation - Answers Lucid interval following head trauma before rapid decline. Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scoring extremes - Answers 15 indicates normal consciousness; 3 indicates deep coma/death. Status epilepticus danger - Answers Prolonged continuous seizure causing airway compromise and ischemic brain damage. Pathologic hallmarks of Alzheimer disease - Answers Extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tau tangles. Parkinson disease pathophysiology and treatment - Answers Dopamine deficiency in substantia nigra; treated by increasing dopamine levels. Parkinson disease clinical triad - Answers Resting tremor, skeletal muscle rigidity, and orthostatic hypotension. Multiple Sclerosis pathophysiology - Answers Autoimmune demyelination of CNS axons leading to slowed conduction. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) early presentation - Answers Muscle twitching, cramping, and progressive weakness/stiffness of hands. Guillain-Barré Syndrome characteristic feature - Answers Ascending muscle weakness and paralysis. Referred pain principle - Answers Pain perceived in a site distant from injury, sharing same sensory dermatome. Classic presentation of migraine headache - Answers Severe pounding headache accompanied by nausea and photophobia. Multiple myeloma key hallmark symptom - Answers Bone pain. Paget disease of bone pathophysiology - Answers Excessive bone resorption followed by excessive fragile bone formation; affects lower spine. Osteomyelitis transmission route - Answers Hematogenous spread (bacterial invasion via bloodstream). Osteosarcoma definition - Answers Malignant primary bone-forming tumor. Osteomalacia vs. Rickets cause - Answers Inadequate vitamin D causing bone softening in adults (osteomalacia) and children (rickets). Primary cause of osteoporosis in older women - Answers Estrogen deficiency, often accelerated by early menopause. Most common fracture type in children - Answers Greenstick fracture. Comminuted fracture definition - Answers Fracture where the bone splinters into multiple fragments. First and final steps of bone fracture healing - Answers First: Hematoma formation under periosteum. Final: Replacement of callus with mature bone. Malunion definition - Answers Healing of a fractured bone with improper anatomical alignment. Factors causing delayed fracture healing - Answers Diabetes mellitus, nicotine/smoking, and poor nutrition. Clinical features of scoliosis - Answers Lateral spine curvature, shoulder height mismatch, scapular prominence, potential respiratory impairment. Difference between Osteoarthritis (OA) and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) - Answers OA is localized cartilage degeneration; RA is systemic autoimmune joint inflammation. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) key features - Answers Autoimmune disease, positive ANA, butterfly malar rash, photosensitivity, glomerulonephritis. Earliest clinical sign of Scleroderma - Answers Raynaud phenomenon (cold-induced vasospasm in extremities). Ankylosing spondylitis characteristic features - Answers Inflammation, stiffness, and eventual progressive fusion of intervertebral joints. Gouty arthritis pathogenesis - Answers Inadequate renal uric acid excretion leading to urate crystal deposition in joints (tophi). Classic manifestations of Lyme disease - Answers Erythema migrans (bullseye rash), flu-like illness, myalgia, and joint pain. Transverse Fracture - Answers A straight line break across the bone, usually caused by a direct blow. Oblique Fracture - Answers A diagonal/slanted break, usually caused by an angled force. Spiral Fracture - Answers Bone twists apart due to a twisting injury like sports or ski accidents. Longitudinal Fracture - Answers A break running up and down, parallel to the length of the bone. Greenstick Fracture - Answers Partial break where soft bone bends, seen mostly in children. Comminuted Fracture - Answers Bone shatters or crushes into many pieces, often from high-impact trauma. Compound (Open) Fracture - Answers Bone breaks and sticks through the skin, presenting a high risk of infection.