NSG 3039 Hamric & Hanson APN 6th Ed 2026/2027

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NSG 3039 Advanced Practice Nursing 6th Edition New
Update 2023-2024

Chapter 1: Highlights from the History of Advanced Practice

Nursing in the United States Test Bank


Multiple Choice


1. In which year did the American Association of College of Nursing (AACN)
introduced the Doctorate of Nursing Practice (DNP)?

a. 2006
b. 2004
c. 2000
d. 2002

ANS: B
The AACN introduced the DNP degree in 2004 to prepare advanced practice nurses
(APRNs) to meet challenges and standardize practice beyond master’s degree
programs.


2.Which of the following is the best explanation for the creation of
the Doctorate of Nursing Practice (DNP) degree?

a. To compete against master’s degree programs
b. To ensure standardized curriculum ensuring independent practice
c. To validate APRN’s for financial reimbursement
d. To address increasing curriculum requirements of master’s degree programs

ANS: D
Although all answers are influenced by the DNP core competencies, the DNP
program creation in 2004 by the AACN was designed to address curriculum
requirements of master’s degree programs.




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3. Which of the following was the first recognized area of advanced
practice nursing?

a. Clinical Nurse Specialist
b. Family nurse practitioner
c. Pediatric nurse practitioner
d. Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist


ANS: D
In 1931, the National Association of Nurse Anesthetists (NANA), renamed in 1939
to the American Association of Nurse Anesthetists (AANA) was the first
recognized group promoting advanced nursing practice. Agatha Hodgins founded
the AANM at Lakeside Hospital in Cleveland, Ohio.


4.Which factor is broadly perceived to solidify and standardize the role of
the APNs over the last 25 years?

a. Lack of access to health care providers
b. Standardized curriculum development
c. Payment for services
d. Societal forces

ANS: B
As the evolution of Advanced Practice Nursing advances specific specialties and
needs are identified. Through the evolution of organization and standardization
these roles have solidified the APN’s role in today’s health care environment.


5. During the formation of early APN roles in anesthesia, which of
the following increased demand for access to health care?

a. Poverty
b. War
c. Rural access to care
d.Availability of training




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ANS: B
Earliest demand for nursing-provided anesthesia spiked during periods of war when
numbers of physicians were inadequate. The earliest records date back to the
American Civil War with the administration of chloroform. During World War I in
1917 more than 1000 nurses, some trained anesthetists, traveled into battle. Other
factors such as need for rural health care came later in the validation and need for
APNs.


6. In 1889, Dr. William Worrall Mayo built and opened St. Mary’s hospital in
Rochester, NY. He is known for some of the earliest recruitment and
specialized training of nurses in which of the following roles?

a. Pediatrics
b.Anesthesia
c. Obstetrics
d. Research and statistics
e. Family nursing




ANS: B




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In 1889, Dr. William Worrall Mayo began formally training and recognizing
nurse anesthetists. This has been regarded as the earliest training in nurse-
provided anesthesia.


7. In 1893, Lillian Wald established the Henry Street Settlement (HSS) House
for which purpose?

a.Access to health care of rural areas
b. Create inner-city nursing awareness
c. Provide the disadvantaged access to care
d. Establish guidelines for advanced nursing roles

ANS: C
The HHS was established to provide nursing services to immigrants and low-
income patients and their families in Manhattan. As resistance to nurse-provided
care grew, standing orders were drafted from a group of Lower East Side
physicians thereby circumventing then-existing legal ramifications.


8.The Frontier Nursing Service (FNS) founded in Kentucky in 1925 by
Mary Breckenridge initially provided Appalachia with nursing resources
and which type of advanced nursing care?

a. Pediatric care
b.Anesthesia
c. Midwifery
d. Surgical services

ANS: C
The original FNS provided nursing services and obstetric services to Appalachian
residents. Later working from standard orders developed from their medical
advisory committee nurses treated patients, made diagnoses, and dispensed
medications.


9.Which organization founded in 1941 under Mary Breckenridge’s
leadership merged with the American College of Nurse-Midwives




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