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NURS 617 Exam 1
b. metabolic acidosis
Rationale: When oxygen is not available, cells switch to anaerobic metabolism, which yields an acid
called lactate, or lactic acid.
A direct result of anaerobic metabolism during hypoxic cell injury is:
a. increased ATP
b. metabolic acidosis
c. tissue ischemia
d. all of the above.
a. Calcium
Rationale: The accumulation of calcium causes irreversible mitochondrial injury.
Accumulation of which of the following molecules results in irreversible cell injury?
a. Calcium
b. Melanin
c. Lipids
d. Water
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d.protect cells from injury.
Adaptive cellular mechanisms function to:
a. speed up cellular death.
b. prevent cellular aging.
c. treat disease.
d. protect cells from injury.
a. Skeletal muscles
Rationale: Lack of nerve stimulation to skeletal muscles results in muscle atrophy.
An individual with damage to the spinal cord may experience atrophy of which of the following organs?
a. Skeletal muscles
b. Skin
c. Liver
d. Brain
c. dysplasia.
Rationale: (Chronic infection or inflammation is a common cause of cervical dysplasia.)
Chronic infection of the cervix by the human papillomavirus results in cervical:
a. hormonal hyperplasia.
b. atrophy.
c. dysplasia.
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d. metaplasia.
c. Lipid accumulation in hepatocytes
Rationale: Ethanol metabolism causes lipid accumulation in hepatocytes that decreases liver function
and may result in liver cirrhosis.
Ethanol (alcohol) causes cell injury by which of the following mechanisms?
a. Cellular dehydration
b. Intracellular sodium loss
c. Lipid accumulation in hepatocytes
d. Hypoxic injury
c. tissue loss.
Rationale: In response to tissue loss, surrounding cells are stimulated to replace the lost tissue.
In compensatory hyperplasia, growth factors stimulate cell division in response to:
a. decreased hormonal stimulation.
b. ischemia.
c. tissue loss.
d. puberty.
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b. hypertrophy.
Rationale: In response to the increased workload of hypertension, myocardial cells will hypertrophy in
order to pump harder.
In response to an increased workload, such as that caused by high blood pressure (hypertension),
myocardial cells in the left ventricle will adapt through the process of:
a. hyperplasia.
b. hypertrophy.
c. atrophy.
d. dysplasia.
b. a decrease in protein synthesis.
Rationale: Ribosomes are the primary site for protein synthesis. Hypoxic injury and cellular swelling
result in dilation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, causing the ribosomes to detach. Loss of the site
for protein synthesis results in decreased protein production.
Injury to the endoplasmic reticulum due to hypoxic injury results in:
a. sodium accumulation.
b. a decrease in protein synthesis.
c. the release of enzymes.
d. lactic acid production.
b. Lead interferes with neurotransmitter release.
Lead poisoning affects nervous system function by which of the following mechanisms?
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NURS 617 Exam 1
b. metabolic acidosis
Rationale: When oxygen is not available, cells switch to anaerobic metabolism, which yields an acid
called lactate, or lactic acid.
A direct result of anaerobic metabolism during hypoxic cell injury is:
a. increased ATP
b. metabolic acidosis
c. tissue ischemia
d. all of the above.
a. Calcium
Rationale: The accumulation of calcium causes irreversible mitochondrial injury.
Accumulation of which of the following molecules results in irreversible cell injury?
a. Calcium
b. Melanin
c. Lipids
d. Water
https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
,https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
d.protect cells from injury.
Adaptive cellular mechanisms function to:
a. speed up cellular death.
b. prevent cellular aging.
c. treat disease.
d. protect cells from injury.
a. Skeletal muscles
Rationale: Lack of nerve stimulation to skeletal muscles results in muscle atrophy.
An individual with damage to the spinal cord may experience atrophy of which of the following organs?
a. Skeletal muscles
b. Skin
c. Liver
d. Brain
c. dysplasia.
Rationale: (Chronic infection or inflammation is a common cause of cervical dysplasia.)
Chronic infection of the cervix by the human papillomavirus results in cervical:
a. hormonal hyperplasia.
b. atrophy.
c. dysplasia.
https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
,https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
d. metaplasia.
c. Lipid accumulation in hepatocytes
Rationale: Ethanol metabolism causes lipid accumulation in hepatocytes that decreases liver function
and may result in liver cirrhosis.
Ethanol (alcohol) causes cell injury by which of the following mechanisms?
a. Cellular dehydration
b. Intracellular sodium loss
c. Lipid accumulation in hepatocytes
d. Hypoxic injury
c. tissue loss.
Rationale: In response to tissue loss, surrounding cells are stimulated to replace the lost tissue.
In compensatory hyperplasia, growth factors stimulate cell division in response to:
a. decreased hormonal stimulation.
b. ischemia.
c. tissue loss.
d. puberty.
https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
, https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
b. hypertrophy.
Rationale: In response to the increased workload of hypertension, myocardial cells will hypertrophy in
order to pump harder.
In response to an increased workload, such as that caused by high blood pressure (hypertension),
myocardial cells in the left ventricle will adapt through the process of:
a. hyperplasia.
b. hypertrophy.
c. atrophy.
d. dysplasia.
b. a decrease in protein synthesis.
Rationale: Ribosomes are the primary site for protein synthesis. Hypoxic injury and cellular swelling
result in dilation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, causing the ribosomes to detach. Loss of the site
for protein synthesis results in decreased protein production.
Injury to the endoplasmic reticulum due to hypoxic injury results in:
a. sodium accumulation.
b. a decrease in protein synthesis.
c. the release of enzymes.
d. lactic acid production.
b. Lead interferes with neurotransmitter release.
Lead poisoning affects nervous system function by which of the following mechanisms?
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