NR 507-Advanced Pathophysiology
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Respiratory system exam with correct ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
answers
Mechanics of Breathing: Passive Process - correct ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
answers ✔✔During quiet breathing, exhalation is
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
generally a passive process that does not require ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
energy.
Mechanics of Breathing: Muscle Relaxation - correct ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
answers ✔✔The diaphragm and intercostal muscles
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
relax, allowing the diaphragm to rise back to its dome
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
shape and the rib cage to descend.
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Mechanics of Breathing: Intrapleural Pressure ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Changes - correct answers ✔✔The volume of the ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
thoracic cavity decreases, causing an increase in
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
intrapleural pressure, which is now less negative. ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
, Mechanics of Breathing: Airflow Out of the Lungs - ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
correct answers ✔✔As intrapulmonary pressure
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
becomes greater than atmospheric pressure, air is ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
expelled from the lungs. ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Mechanics of Breathing: Forced Breathing - correct ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
answers ✔✔During vigorous activities or exercise,
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
both inhalation and exhalation can become active
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
processes.
•Accessory Muscles: Additional muscles (such as the ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
sternocleidomastoid, scalene muscles, and ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
abdominal muscles) may be recruited to assist with ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
deep inhalation and forceful exhalation.
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - correct answers ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
✔✔decreased FEV1 indicates airway obstruction ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
along with a low FEV1/FEV ratio 56%
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Respiratory system exam with correct ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
answers
Mechanics of Breathing: Passive Process - correct ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
answers ✔✔During quiet breathing, exhalation is
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
generally a passive process that does not require ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
energy.
Mechanics of Breathing: Muscle Relaxation - correct ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
answers ✔✔The diaphragm and intercostal muscles
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
relax, allowing the diaphragm to rise back to its dome
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
shape and the rib cage to descend.
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Mechanics of Breathing: Intrapleural Pressure ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Changes - correct answers ✔✔The volume of the ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
thoracic cavity decreases, causing an increase in
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
intrapleural pressure, which is now less negative. ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
, Mechanics of Breathing: Airflow Out of the Lungs - ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
correct answers ✔✔As intrapulmonary pressure
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
becomes greater than atmospheric pressure, air is ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
expelled from the lungs. ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Mechanics of Breathing: Forced Breathing - correct ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
answers ✔✔During vigorous activities or exercise,
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
both inhalation and exhalation can become active
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
processes.
•Accessory Muscles: Additional muscles (such as the ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
sternocleidomastoid, scalene muscles, and ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
abdominal muscles) may be recruited to assist with ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
deep inhalation and forceful exhalation.
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - correct answers ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
✔✔decreased FEV1 indicates airway obstruction ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
along with a low FEV1/FEV ratio 56%
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
