NR507 Advanced Pathophysiology Mid ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
term exam with correct answers ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Hypersensitivity: Type 1 - correct answers ✔✔Type 1: ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Allergic reaction, Mediated by IgE, Inflammation due
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
to mast cell degranulation
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Local symptoms: ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
-itching
-rash
Systemic symptoms: ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
-wheezing
Most dangerous = anaphylactic reaction
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
systemic response of hypotension, severe ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
bronchoconstriction
Main treatment: epinephrine reverses the effects
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
,Hypersensitivity: Type 2 - correct answers ✔✔Type 2: ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Cytotoxic reaction; tissue specific (ex: thyroid tissue)
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Macrophages are the primary effectors cells involved ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Can cause tissue damage or alter function
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Grave's disease (hyperthyroidism) - example of
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
altering thyroid function, but does not destroy
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
thyroid tissue ||\\||\\
Incompatible blood type- example of cell/tissue ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
damage that occurs; severe transfusion reaction ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
occurs and the transfused erythrocytes are
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
destroyed by agglutination or complement-mediated ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
lysis.
||\\||\\
,Type 1 Hypersensitivity VS. Type 2 Hypersensitivity -
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
correct answers ✔✔Type 1 Hypersensitivity ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Organ Specific ||\\||\\
Antibody binds to the antigen on the cell surface ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Type 2 Hypersensitivity
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Not Organ Specific
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Antibody binds to the soluble antigen outside the cell ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
surface that was released into the blood or body
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
fluids, and the complex is then deposited in the
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
tissues
Hypersensitivity: Type 3 - Examples - correct answers ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
✔✔Rheumatoid arthritis: Antigen/antibodies are ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
deposited in the joints ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)- very closely ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
related to autoimmunity- antigen/antibodies deposit ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
in organs that cause tissue damage
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Hypersensitivity: Type 4 - correct answers ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
✔✔Delayed response ||\\||\\
Does not involve antigen/antibody complexes like ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Types 1, 2 and 3 ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Is T-cell mediated||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Differentiating Between the Rash of a Type 1 vs. Type ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
4 Reaction: - correct answers ✔✔Type 1: Immediate
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
hypersensitivity reactions, termed atopic dermatitis, ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
are usually characterized by widely distributed
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
lesions
term exam with correct answers ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Hypersensitivity: Type 1 - correct answers ✔✔Type 1: ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Allergic reaction, Mediated by IgE, Inflammation due
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
to mast cell degranulation
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Local symptoms: ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
-itching
-rash
Systemic symptoms: ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
-wheezing
Most dangerous = anaphylactic reaction
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
systemic response of hypotension, severe ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
bronchoconstriction
Main treatment: epinephrine reverses the effects
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
,Hypersensitivity: Type 2 - correct answers ✔✔Type 2: ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Cytotoxic reaction; tissue specific (ex: thyroid tissue)
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Macrophages are the primary effectors cells involved ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Can cause tissue damage or alter function
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Grave's disease (hyperthyroidism) - example of
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
altering thyroid function, but does not destroy
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
thyroid tissue ||\\||\\
Incompatible blood type- example of cell/tissue ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
damage that occurs; severe transfusion reaction ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
occurs and the transfused erythrocytes are
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
destroyed by agglutination or complement-mediated ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
lysis.
||\\||\\
,Type 1 Hypersensitivity VS. Type 2 Hypersensitivity -
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
correct answers ✔✔Type 1 Hypersensitivity ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Organ Specific ||\\||\\
Antibody binds to the antigen on the cell surface ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Type 2 Hypersensitivity
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Not Organ Specific
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Antibody binds to the soluble antigen outside the cell ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
surface that was released into the blood or body
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
fluids, and the complex is then deposited in the
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
tissues
Hypersensitivity: Type 3 - Examples - correct answers ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
✔✔Rheumatoid arthritis: Antigen/antibodies are ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
deposited in the joints ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)- very closely ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
related to autoimmunity- antigen/antibodies deposit ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
in organs that cause tissue damage
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Hypersensitivity: Type 4 - correct answers ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
✔✔Delayed response ||\\||\\
Does not involve antigen/antibody complexes like ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Types 1, 2 and 3 ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Is T-cell mediated||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Differentiating Between the Rash of a Type 1 vs. Type ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
4 Reaction: - correct answers ✔✔Type 1: Immediate
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
hypersensitivity reactions, termed atopic dermatitis, ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
are usually characterized by widely distributed
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
lesions
