1
BUSINESS STUDIES
GRADE 12
PRELIMINARY
EXAMINATION
PAPER 2
2026
IMAGES: AI Generated. Based on typical examination questions
Important:
These study notes are revised and updated annually to align with the CAPS curriculum and current
exam requirements. This document is based on past examination papers.
Content was adapted and structured for exam preparation purposes. AI tools were used to assist
with formatting, rephrasing and differentiation.
These notes are designed to help learners:
• Understand key concepts
• Practise exam-style questions
• Identify important themes and patterns in assessments
To ensure learners work with the most relevant and up-to-date content, parents and learners are
encouraged to confirm that they are using the latest version of the notes. If you are unsure whether
you have the latest version, please feel free to contact me at:
Please note that these notes are compiled as a structured study aid for exam preparation and do
not replace the prescribed textbook or classroom instruction. IMAGES: Canva & AI Generated
REMEMBER: You must study Term 1, 2 and Term 3 STUDY NOTES for the Prelim Exam.
Good luck
Juffrou Ansie
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed without written permission.
, 2
Content:
Business Ventures 4
Management and Leadership 4
Investment: Securities 6
Investment: Insurance 10
Forms of Ownership 15
Presentation and Data Response 19
Business Roles 22
Problem Solving and Creative Thinking 22
Ethics and Professionalism 26
Social Responsibility 29
CSR and CSI 30
Human Rights, Inclusivity, Environmental Issues 32
Team Performance and Conflict Management 36
Essay Questions 39
Short Questions
A state - owned A state-owned company provides essential services such as water
company and electricity at affordable prices that are not provided by the
private sector.
Shareholders and A private company and a close corporation have this as an
members have limited advantage.
liability
A written report A written report is an example of a non-verbal presentation.
Compound interest Compound interest is paid on the principle amount and accrued
interest.
Affirmative action Diversity in the workplace is made possible through affirmative
action
Delphi technique The Delphi technique is a problem-solving technique that obtains
input from experts through a questionnaire.
Interest rate The rate at which commercial banks lend money to the public is
known as the interest rate.
Dividends Returns earned on investments in shares.
Insurable risk Businesses can be insured against losses due to fashion and
shoplifting.
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed without written permission.
, 3
Indigenous knowledge Knowledge and skills of people in a specific geographical area.
Piece work Workers are paid according to the number of units produced.
The role of the health and The role of the health and safety representative is to identify
safety representative potential hazards in the workplace.
average clause The average clause applies when goods are under-insured.
Charismatic leadership Charismatic leadership style when he/she uses charm to inspire
style employee loyalty.
Ethics A set of values that are morally acceptable when doing business is
referred to as ethics.
Debenture Debenture is issued to obtain borrowed capital from the public.
Limited liability Limited liability means the owner's personal assets are protected
from the debts of the business.
Tax evasion Is when a business does not declare all their income to SARS with
the aim of paying less tax
Corporate social Corporate social investment is money that businesses spend to
investment raise the standard of living of communities
Bar chart A visual presentation of a set of sales figures represented as a series
of rectangles
Cooperation Cooperation means that the team members are willing to work
together in the team to achieve goals.
Surcharge The portion of an insurance claim that a business must pay when
the business submits the claim is referred to as a co-payment.
Inclusivity Employing people from different backgrounds is known as
inclusiveness.
Repossession Repossession applies when property/goods are reinsured.
Leadership The ability of an individual or a group of individuals to influence and
guide others.
Management Planning, organising, leading and controlling employees to achieve
goals.
Democratic leadership The leader invites the team members/group to contribute ideas and
style participate in the decision-making process.
Autocratic leadership The leader takes decisions on his/her own without consulting staff.
style
Laissez faire/Free reign The leader delegates tasks to followers with little or no direction.
Charismatic leadership The leader uses charm to influence followers.
style
Transactional leadership The leader focuses on motivating followers through a system of
style reward and punishment.
Bureaucratic leadership Leaders/managers make sure employees follow rules and policies.
style
Leaders and followers Focus on relationship between leader and follower.
theory
Situational leadership Focus on the application of different leadership styles depending on
theory the situation and the maturity level of employees.
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed without written permission.
, 4
Transformational The leader identifies the change needed/creates a vision to guide
leadership theory the change through inspiration.
Personal attitude The manner in which the leader relates to his/her employees
determines the success or failure of a business.
Business Ventures
Management and Leadership
Differences between leadership and management
LEADERSHIP MANAGEMENT
1. Influences human behaviour. 1. Guides human behaviour.
2. Communicates by means of 2. Communicates through management
interaction/behaviour/vision/values/ functions, e.g. line function.
charisma. 3. Administers plans/programs/tasks to
3. Innovates/Encourages new ideas to reach targets.
increase productivity. 4. Administers plans/programs/tasks to
4. Inspires staff to trust and support each reach targets.
another. 5. Controls systems and procedures to
5. Focuses on what and why. get the job done.
6. Focuses on the horizon/long term. 6. Focuses on how and when.
DEMOCRATIC LEADER AUTOCRATIC LEADER
1. The leader involves employees in the 1. A leader takes all decisions alone
decision-making process. without involving employees
2. Clear/Two-way communication 2. Line of command/communication is
ensures group commitment to final clear as it is top-down/followers know
decision(s). exactly what to do.
3. People-oriented, as employee's 3. Task-orientated as the opinions of
feelings and opinions are considered. employees are not considered.
4. Workers feel empowered as they are 4. New employees feel confident/safe as
involved in the decision-making strong leadership is provided.
process. 5. Useful in a crisis/urgent situation, e.g.
5. Useful when the leader depends on the after an accident/meeting tight
inputs of experienced followers. deadline.
6. Handles conflict situations by involving 6. Handles conflict situations by telling
followers in finding the best solution followers what they should do.
Situations in which the autocratic leadership style can be applied in the workplace (NCC 2022 EC &
NCC 2020))
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed without written permission.
BUSINESS STUDIES
GRADE 12
PRELIMINARY
EXAMINATION
PAPER 2
2026
IMAGES: AI Generated. Based on typical examination questions
Important:
These study notes are revised and updated annually to align with the CAPS curriculum and current
exam requirements. This document is based on past examination papers.
Content was adapted and structured for exam preparation purposes. AI tools were used to assist
with formatting, rephrasing and differentiation.
These notes are designed to help learners:
• Understand key concepts
• Practise exam-style questions
• Identify important themes and patterns in assessments
To ensure learners work with the most relevant and up-to-date content, parents and learners are
encouraged to confirm that they are using the latest version of the notes. If you are unsure whether
you have the latest version, please feel free to contact me at:
Please note that these notes are compiled as a structured study aid for exam preparation and do
not replace the prescribed textbook or classroom instruction. IMAGES: Canva & AI Generated
REMEMBER: You must study Term 1, 2 and Term 3 STUDY NOTES for the Prelim Exam.
Good luck
Juffrou Ansie
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed without written permission.
, 2
Content:
Business Ventures 4
Management and Leadership 4
Investment: Securities 6
Investment: Insurance 10
Forms of Ownership 15
Presentation and Data Response 19
Business Roles 22
Problem Solving and Creative Thinking 22
Ethics and Professionalism 26
Social Responsibility 29
CSR and CSI 30
Human Rights, Inclusivity, Environmental Issues 32
Team Performance and Conflict Management 36
Essay Questions 39
Short Questions
A state - owned A state-owned company provides essential services such as water
company and electricity at affordable prices that are not provided by the
private sector.
Shareholders and A private company and a close corporation have this as an
members have limited advantage.
liability
A written report A written report is an example of a non-verbal presentation.
Compound interest Compound interest is paid on the principle amount and accrued
interest.
Affirmative action Diversity in the workplace is made possible through affirmative
action
Delphi technique The Delphi technique is a problem-solving technique that obtains
input from experts through a questionnaire.
Interest rate The rate at which commercial banks lend money to the public is
known as the interest rate.
Dividends Returns earned on investments in shares.
Insurable risk Businesses can be insured against losses due to fashion and
shoplifting.
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed without written permission.
, 3
Indigenous knowledge Knowledge and skills of people in a specific geographical area.
Piece work Workers are paid according to the number of units produced.
The role of the health and The role of the health and safety representative is to identify
safety representative potential hazards in the workplace.
average clause The average clause applies when goods are under-insured.
Charismatic leadership Charismatic leadership style when he/she uses charm to inspire
style employee loyalty.
Ethics A set of values that are morally acceptable when doing business is
referred to as ethics.
Debenture Debenture is issued to obtain borrowed capital from the public.
Limited liability Limited liability means the owner's personal assets are protected
from the debts of the business.
Tax evasion Is when a business does not declare all their income to SARS with
the aim of paying less tax
Corporate social Corporate social investment is money that businesses spend to
investment raise the standard of living of communities
Bar chart A visual presentation of a set of sales figures represented as a series
of rectangles
Cooperation Cooperation means that the team members are willing to work
together in the team to achieve goals.
Surcharge The portion of an insurance claim that a business must pay when
the business submits the claim is referred to as a co-payment.
Inclusivity Employing people from different backgrounds is known as
inclusiveness.
Repossession Repossession applies when property/goods are reinsured.
Leadership The ability of an individual or a group of individuals to influence and
guide others.
Management Planning, organising, leading and controlling employees to achieve
goals.
Democratic leadership The leader invites the team members/group to contribute ideas and
style participate in the decision-making process.
Autocratic leadership The leader takes decisions on his/her own without consulting staff.
style
Laissez faire/Free reign The leader delegates tasks to followers with little or no direction.
Charismatic leadership The leader uses charm to influence followers.
style
Transactional leadership The leader focuses on motivating followers through a system of
style reward and punishment.
Bureaucratic leadership Leaders/managers make sure employees follow rules and policies.
style
Leaders and followers Focus on relationship between leader and follower.
theory
Situational leadership Focus on the application of different leadership styles depending on
theory the situation and the maturity level of employees.
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed without written permission.
, 4
Transformational The leader identifies the change needed/creates a vision to guide
leadership theory the change through inspiration.
Personal attitude The manner in which the leader relates to his/her employees
determines the success or failure of a business.
Business Ventures
Management and Leadership
Differences between leadership and management
LEADERSHIP MANAGEMENT
1. Influences human behaviour. 1. Guides human behaviour.
2. Communicates by means of 2. Communicates through management
interaction/behaviour/vision/values/ functions, e.g. line function.
charisma. 3. Administers plans/programs/tasks to
3. Innovates/Encourages new ideas to reach targets.
increase productivity. 4. Administers plans/programs/tasks to
4. Inspires staff to trust and support each reach targets.
another. 5. Controls systems and procedures to
5. Focuses on what and why. get the job done.
6. Focuses on the horizon/long term. 6. Focuses on how and when.
DEMOCRATIC LEADER AUTOCRATIC LEADER
1. The leader involves employees in the 1. A leader takes all decisions alone
decision-making process. without involving employees
2. Clear/Two-way communication 2. Line of command/communication is
ensures group commitment to final clear as it is top-down/followers know
decision(s). exactly what to do.
3. People-oriented, as employee's 3. Task-orientated as the opinions of
feelings and opinions are considered. employees are not considered.
4. Workers feel empowered as they are 4. New employees feel confident/safe as
involved in the decision-making strong leadership is provided.
process. 5. Useful in a crisis/urgent situation, e.g.
5. Useful when the leader depends on the after an accident/meeting tight
inputs of experienced followers. deadline.
6. Handles conflict situations by involving 6. Handles conflict situations by telling
followers in finding the best solution followers what they should do.
Situations in which the autocratic leadership style can be applied in the workplace (NCC 2022 EC &
NCC 2020))
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed without written permission.
