PORTAGE LEARNING
NURS 231 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
FINAL EXAM
Actual Questions and Answers
100% Guarantee Pass
This Exam contains:
Questions and Answers
100% Guarantee Pass
Multiple-Choice (A–D), For Each Question.
Each Question Includes The Correct Answer
Expert-Verified explanation
,### 1. Persistent dysplasia eventually results in cancer.
True or False?
Answer: True
Explanation: Dysplasia involves abnormal cell growth that disrupts tissue architecture. If
the injurious stimulus persists, dysplastic cells can accumulate mutations leading to
neoplastic transformation and invasive cancer.
---
### 2. Hypertrophy can occur under normal and pathological conditions.
True or False?
Answer: True
Explanation: Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size resulting in organ enlargement. It
occurs physiologically (e.g., uterine enlargement during pregnancy) and pathologically (e.g.,
left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertension).
---
### 3. A bodybuilder's muscles will display hyperplasia.
True or False?
Answer: False
Explanation: Skeletal muscle growth in adults primarily occurs by hypertrophy (increase in
cell size), not hyperplasia (increase in cell number), as skeletal muscle cells are
multinucleated and post-mitotic.
---
### 4. Which are true of mitochondria? (Select all that apply)
,A) Involved in cellular respiration
B) Play a role in apoptosis
C) Found far from the site of energy consumption
D) Control free radicals
Answer: A) Involved in cellular respiration; B) Play a role in apoptosis
Explanation: Mitochondria are the primary sites of ATP production through cellular
respiration and release factors that trigger apoptosis. They are typically located near
energy-demanding sites; therefore, choices C and D are false because mitochondria
localize close to energy needs and can both generate and scavenge free radicals but do not
primarily control them.
---
### 5. Which are true of the cell membrane? (Select all that apply)
// // // // // // // // // // // // ////
A) Aids in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation
// // // // // // // // // ////
B) Helps with the conduction of electrical currents in nerve and muscle cells
// // // // // // // // // // // // ////
C) Controls the transport of materials from outside fluids to within
// // // // // // // // // // ////
D) Stores energy in the form of ATP
// // // // // // // ////
Answer: A), B), and C) // // // // ////
Explanation: The cell membrane regulates cell signaling, mediates electrical conductance via
// // // // // // // // // // //
ion channels, and controls selective transport of substances. It does not store ATP; mitochondri
// // // // // // // // // // // // //
a handle energy production and storage.
// // // // //
---
, ### 6. Which of the following are true of the cell? (Select all that apply)
// // // // // // // // // // // // // // ////
A) Proteins carry out the functions of the cell membrane
// // // // // // // // // ////
B) Lysosomes are the digestive system of the cell
// // // // // // // // ////
C) Microfilaments are thin, threadlike cytoplasmic structures
// // // // // // ////
D) Mitochondria synthesize proteins
// // // ////
Answer: A), B), and C) // // // // ////
Explanation: Cell membrane proteins are essential for transport and signaling; lysosomes dig
// // // // // // // // // // //
est cellular debris; microfilaments are part of the cytoskeleton. Protein synthesis occurs mainly i
// // // // // // // // // // // // //
n ribosomes, not mitochondria.
// // //
---
### 7. Metaplastic cells are not better prepared to survive under stressful circumstances.
// // // // // // // // // // // // ////
True or False? // // ////
Answer: False // ////
Explanation: Metaplastic cells adapt by changing from one differentiated cell type to another th
// // // // // // // // // // // // //
at is better suited to endure chronic stress or injury. This adaptive change often enhances cell s
// // // // // // // // // // // // // // // //
urvival under persistent stress (e.g., squamous metaplasia in the respiratory tract due to smokin
// // // // // // // // // // // // //
g). Thus, metaplasia is generally a protective response.
// // // // // // //
---
### 8. Persistent metaplasia can lead to dysplasia.
// // // // // // // ////
True or False? // // ////
Answer: True // ////
NURS 231 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
FINAL EXAM
Actual Questions and Answers
100% Guarantee Pass
This Exam contains:
Questions and Answers
100% Guarantee Pass
Multiple-Choice (A–D), For Each Question.
Each Question Includes The Correct Answer
Expert-Verified explanation
,### 1. Persistent dysplasia eventually results in cancer.
True or False?
Answer: True
Explanation: Dysplasia involves abnormal cell growth that disrupts tissue architecture. If
the injurious stimulus persists, dysplastic cells can accumulate mutations leading to
neoplastic transformation and invasive cancer.
---
### 2. Hypertrophy can occur under normal and pathological conditions.
True or False?
Answer: True
Explanation: Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size resulting in organ enlargement. It
occurs physiologically (e.g., uterine enlargement during pregnancy) and pathologically (e.g.,
left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertension).
---
### 3. A bodybuilder's muscles will display hyperplasia.
True or False?
Answer: False
Explanation: Skeletal muscle growth in adults primarily occurs by hypertrophy (increase in
cell size), not hyperplasia (increase in cell number), as skeletal muscle cells are
multinucleated and post-mitotic.
---
### 4. Which are true of mitochondria? (Select all that apply)
,A) Involved in cellular respiration
B) Play a role in apoptosis
C) Found far from the site of energy consumption
D) Control free radicals
Answer: A) Involved in cellular respiration; B) Play a role in apoptosis
Explanation: Mitochondria are the primary sites of ATP production through cellular
respiration and release factors that trigger apoptosis. They are typically located near
energy-demanding sites; therefore, choices C and D are false because mitochondria
localize close to energy needs and can both generate and scavenge free radicals but do not
primarily control them.
---
### 5. Which are true of the cell membrane? (Select all that apply)
// // // // // // // // // // // // ////
A) Aids in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation
// // // // // // // // // ////
B) Helps with the conduction of electrical currents in nerve and muscle cells
// // // // // // // // // // // // ////
C) Controls the transport of materials from outside fluids to within
// // // // // // // // // // ////
D) Stores energy in the form of ATP
// // // // // // // ////
Answer: A), B), and C) // // // // ////
Explanation: The cell membrane regulates cell signaling, mediates electrical conductance via
// // // // // // // // // // //
ion channels, and controls selective transport of substances. It does not store ATP; mitochondri
// // // // // // // // // // // // //
a handle energy production and storage.
// // // // //
---
, ### 6. Which of the following are true of the cell? (Select all that apply)
// // // // // // // // // // // // // // ////
A) Proteins carry out the functions of the cell membrane
// // // // // // // // // ////
B) Lysosomes are the digestive system of the cell
// // // // // // // // ////
C) Microfilaments are thin, threadlike cytoplasmic structures
// // // // // // ////
D) Mitochondria synthesize proteins
// // // ////
Answer: A), B), and C) // // // // ////
Explanation: Cell membrane proteins are essential for transport and signaling; lysosomes dig
// // // // // // // // // // //
est cellular debris; microfilaments are part of the cytoskeleton. Protein synthesis occurs mainly i
// // // // // // // // // // // // //
n ribosomes, not mitochondria.
// // //
---
### 7. Metaplastic cells are not better prepared to survive under stressful circumstances.
// // // // // // // // // // // // ////
True or False? // // ////
Answer: False // ////
Explanation: Metaplastic cells adapt by changing from one differentiated cell type to another th
// // // // // // // // // // // // //
at is better suited to endure chronic stress or injury. This adaptive change often enhances cell s
// // // // // // // // // // // // // // // //
urvival under persistent stress (e.g., squamous metaplasia in the respiratory tract due to smokin
// // // // // // // // // // // // //
g). Thus, metaplasia is generally a protective response.
// // // // // // //
---
### 8. Persistent metaplasia can lead to dysplasia.
// // // // // // // ////
True or False? // // ////
Answer: True // ////
