NAADAC TEST EVALUATION ANSWERS AND
QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔Barbituate Withdrawal Symptoms - ✔✔Within 6-8 hours of last dose: Expect nausea,
vomiting, increased heart rate, excessive sweating, abdominal cramps, tremors of the
extremities, anxiety, restlessness, agitation. Peak on 2nd/3rd day for short acting
barbituates and during 2nd/3rd week for long acting barbituates. Sx can last from 7-10
days. During this period the following Sx's persist:
severe seizures, resembling grand mal epilepsy, delirium, uncontrolled heartbeat, high
blood pressure, difficulty breathing, loss of consciousness, generalized tonic-clonic
movements of body&extremities, toxic psychosis, disorientation and confusion, auditory
and visual hallucinations. More die from barbituate withdrawal than from overdose. The
majority who abuse are women and older adults.
✔✔CNS Stimulants - ✔✔1. Amphetamines
2. Cocaine
3. Caffeine
4. Nicotine
✔✔Stimulant Medical Uses - ✔✔narcolepsy, weight loss, ADD in children, edema and
respiratory problems. They are also used as an anesthetic and to reduce fatigue. Also
used infrequently for the chronically depressed elderly client who has been unusually
resistant to more standard treatments.
✔✔Short Term Physiological Effects of Stimulant - ✔✔inc. in blood pressure, heart rate,
irregular heartbeat, inc. heart muscle tone, inc. metabolic rate, construction of blood
vessels, sudden cardiac arrest, changes in hormone levels, inc. in blood sugar, elevated
temp, respiratory failure, insomnia, loss of appetite, inc. in motor activity, inc. in speech,
dilated pupils, dry mouth, runny nose, muscle twitching, sexual stimulation, sweating,
seizures, inc. urination, flushed face, rambling speech, chills, nausea, clumsiness, fining
in ears, flashes of light, increase in saliva, increase in bronchial secretions, deadening
of taste buds.
,✔✔Short Term Psychological Effects of Stimulants - ✔✔euphoria, inc. alertness, inc.
arousal, excitation, stereotype, inc. in energy, inc. concentration, perceived inc. in
strength, ramblind thoughts, restlessness, feelings of enhanced mental ability, inc in
tension, anxiety, irritability, aggression, paranoid ideation, delusions, auditory
hallucinations.
✔✔Examples of Amphetamine Abuse - ✔✔Ritalin (Methylphenidate) by college
students to stay awake longer/focus, weight loss. Crank or crystal (methamphetamine)
Schedule II substance. Easily obtainable by internet. (Breaking Bad example - meth lab)
✔✔Amphetamine Short Term Physiological Effects - ✔✔IV - 3 to 4 hours of effects, 8 to
10 hours when taken orally. Effects include: insomnia, loss of appetite, inc in motor
activity, inc. in speech, dilated pupils, dry mouth, inc in blood pressure, inc in heart rate,
inc alertness, inc in strength.
✔✔Amphetamine Short Term Psychological Effects - ✔✔excitability, anxiety, irritability,
auditory hallucinations, aggression, stereotype, paranoid ideation, delusions, euphoria.
(Identical to the sx of paranoid schizophrenia)
✔✔Cocaine - ✔✔Schedule II, most potent CNS stimulant and most widely used. Current
rage: freebasing and crack (cocaine, water and baking soda made into a paste and
dried; hard mixture broken into "rocks" which are smoked. Average binge: 12-36 hours.
✔✔Cocaine Short Term Physiological Effects - ✔✔inc. heart rate, blood pressure, runny
nose, muscle twitching, sexual stimulation, insomnia, loss of appetite, inc in motor
activity, inc in rate of speech, dilated pupils, elevated temp, sweating, dry mouth,
seizures, sudden cardiac arrest.
✔✔Cocaine Short Term Psychological Effects - ✔✔euphoria, excitation, restlessness,
anxiety, inc arousal, inc alertness, irritability, auditory hallucinations, delusions,
paranoia, perceived inc. in strength, feelings of enhanced mental ability.
✔✔Cocaine Warning Signs of Overdose - ✔✔1. vomit/headache/cold sweats/muscle
twitches
2. convulsions/rapid, gasping breaths/decreased blood pressure
3. dilated pupils, paralyzed, unable to breath, cardiac arrest and death
✔✔Cocaine Withdrawal Phases - ✔✔1. Intense emotional "crash" evidence by marked
depression, anxiety, exhaustion and cravings
2. General fatigue, lethargy, muscle twitching, decreased attention span, poor recall,
irritability, weakness, hypersomnia. loss of concerntation, increased appetite.
3. Intense cravings and anhedonia.
,✔✔Caffeine Uses - ✔✔Stimulant effect on CNS but least potent until 650 mg (5 cups)
then experience "Caffeinism" with measurable sx. Mild anlagesic: In Midol, Excedrin
and common cold. In NoDoz and Red Bull.
✔✔Nicotine Short Term Physiological Effects - ✔✔inc heart muscle tone, heart rate,
metabolic rate, blood presuure, constriction of blood vessels, changes in hormone
levels, inc in saliva, bronchial secretions, reduction in hunger, inc in blood sugar,
deadening of taste buds.
✔✔Nicotine Dependence - ✔✔Nicotine is considered to be one of the most physically
and psychologically addictive psychoactive substances available on the market.
✔✔Nicotine Withdrawal Sx - ✔✔(W/I 24 hours)
1. Coughing
2. Lack of concentration
3. Dizzines
4. Fatigue
5. Nervousness
6. Stomach Disturbances
7. Throat Problems
8. Sleep Disturbances
9. Skin Problems
10. Mood alterations
✔✔Narcotics - ✔✔Natural Opiates: Opium poppy, morphine, codeine Synthetic
Examples: oxycodone,, Darvon, OxyContin, Percodan, Percoset, MPPP (new heroin),
Vicodin, heroin, Demerol
Used in medical practice to eliminate severe pain. They also reduce anxiety and
depression, sedate decrease respinration, cause constipation and constrict the diameter
of the pupils. Wide use for suppressing coughing and controlling diarrhea.
✔✔Narcotics Short Term Physiological Effects - ✔✔bobbing head, flushing of skin of
face,neck and chest, constricted pinpoint pupils, suppression of cough, reduction of
respiratory functions, decrease in blood pressure, drowsiness, slurred speech,
constipation, nausea, sedation, vomiting, itching, inability to urinate, elimination of pain.
✔✔Narcotics Short Term Psychological Effects - ✔✔lethargy, euphoria, mental
clouding, impaired judgment.
✔✔Heroin - ✔✔Most Common Street Narcotic. Schedule I, made from morphine. IV
admin (shared needles)= HIV/AIDS increase, tuberculosis and Hep B&C
✔✔Heroin Short Term Physiological Effects - ✔✔Same as Narcotics general with the
exception of it also causes dry mouth, eyes and nose.
, ✔✔Heroin Short Term Psychological Effects - ✔✔Same as Narcotics general except is
also decreases anxiety.
✔✔Heroin Long Term Physiological Effects - ✔✔Metered by 1. pharmacological
properties of heroin, effects from route of administration and effects due to adulterants
added as follows: inc. risk of infection due to a decrease in immune system response,
irregular levels of sex hormones in men (decreased libido/erectile dysfunction) and
women (abnormal ovarian functioning), inc bronchial irritation and asthma, inc risk of
pneumonia, liver disease, collapsing of veins, related to IV admin, irregular level and
release of cortisol, fetal damage, chronic constipation, cardiovascular malfunctions,
severe skeletal muscle cell breakdown.
✔✔Heroin Withdrawal - ✔✔Withdrawal: 6-8 hours after last dose - peak 12-48 hours
after last dose lasting 4-5 days. Residual Withdrawal for extremely heavy users=
"Protracted Abstinence Syndrome" present for 8-12 months. See page 79 for details.
Opposite of Short Term effects. Characteristics: inability to tolerate stress or overcome
discomfort, tiredness, weakeness, anxiety and decreased pain threshold.
✔✔Opioid Replacement Treatment Considerations - ✔✔Treatment (Opioid
Replacement Therapy): Methadone (travel to clinic 7 days a week or use "take home"
bottles which risks abuse. LAAM is longer lasting (72 horus) and 3 days a week
administration however it has adverse side effects. Buprenorphine - agonist and
antagonist and blocks effects of other opioids taken simultaneously - abuse potential
small. Some require lifelong treatment. Useful in improving employment, reducing crime
and reducing HIV/AIDS transmission.
✔✔Narcotic Antagonist Treatment - ✔✔"opiate blockers" successfuly block or reverse
the euphoric effects of opioids, including heroin. Attractive alternative to opioid
replacement tx. Most common naltrexone (Depade/ReVia) and naloxone (Narcan).
Admin 3X a wk. Except new injectible form of naltrexone (Vivitrol) admin is 1X a month.
Setbacks for use: 1. do not delay onset of withdrawal sx
2. Must be detoxed from all opiates before starting treatment and it requires continued
client compliance after detox.
✔✔Street Names for Narcotic Interactions with Other drugs - ✔✔hydromorphone and
cocaine ="Speed-balling"
Pentazocine and antihistamines "T" or "Blues"
Most dangerous: Narcotics and Alcohol
✔✔Narcotic Withdrawal - ✔✔restlessness, anxiety, teary eyes, runny nose, nausea,
diarrhea, gooseflesh, dilated pupils, stomach cramps, vomiting, a subjective feelingn of
uneasiness and a sense that withdrawal is about to occur.
QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔Barbituate Withdrawal Symptoms - ✔✔Within 6-8 hours of last dose: Expect nausea,
vomiting, increased heart rate, excessive sweating, abdominal cramps, tremors of the
extremities, anxiety, restlessness, agitation. Peak on 2nd/3rd day for short acting
barbituates and during 2nd/3rd week for long acting barbituates. Sx can last from 7-10
days. During this period the following Sx's persist:
severe seizures, resembling grand mal epilepsy, delirium, uncontrolled heartbeat, high
blood pressure, difficulty breathing, loss of consciousness, generalized tonic-clonic
movements of body&extremities, toxic psychosis, disorientation and confusion, auditory
and visual hallucinations. More die from barbituate withdrawal than from overdose. The
majority who abuse are women and older adults.
✔✔CNS Stimulants - ✔✔1. Amphetamines
2. Cocaine
3. Caffeine
4. Nicotine
✔✔Stimulant Medical Uses - ✔✔narcolepsy, weight loss, ADD in children, edema and
respiratory problems. They are also used as an anesthetic and to reduce fatigue. Also
used infrequently for the chronically depressed elderly client who has been unusually
resistant to more standard treatments.
✔✔Short Term Physiological Effects of Stimulant - ✔✔inc. in blood pressure, heart rate,
irregular heartbeat, inc. heart muscle tone, inc. metabolic rate, construction of blood
vessels, sudden cardiac arrest, changes in hormone levels, inc. in blood sugar, elevated
temp, respiratory failure, insomnia, loss of appetite, inc. in motor activity, inc. in speech,
dilated pupils, dry mouth, runny nose, muscle twitching, sexual stimulation, sweating,
seizures, inc. urination, flushed face, rambling speech, chills, nausea, clumsiness, fining
in ears, flashes of light, increase in saliva, increase in bronchial secretions, deadening
of taste buds.
,✔✔Short Term Psychological Effects of Stimulants - ✔✔euphoria, inc. alertness, inc.
arousal, excitation, stereotype, inc. in energy, inc. concentration, perceived inc. in
strength, ramblind thoughts, restlessness, feelings of enhanced mental ability, inc in
tension, anxiety, irritability, aggression, paranoid ideation, delusions, auditory
hallucinations.
✔✔Examples of Amphetamine Abuse - ✔✔Ritalin (Methylphenidate) by college
students to stay awake longer/focus, weight loss. Crank or crystal (methamphetamine)
Schedule II substance. Easily obtainable by internet. (Breaking Bad example - meth lab)
✔✔Amphetamine Short Term Physiological Effects - ✔✔IV - 3 to 4 hours of effects, 8 to
10 hours when taken orally. Effects include: insomnia, loss of appetite, inc in motor
activity, inc. in speech, dilated pupils, dry mouth, inc in blood pressure, inc in heart rate,
inc alertness, inc in strength.
✔✔Amphetamine Short Term Psychological Effects - ✔✔excitability, anxiety, irritability,
auditory hallucinations, aggression, stereotype, paranoid ideation, delusions, euphoria.
(Identical to the sx of paranoid schizophrenia)
✔✔Cocaine - ✔✔Schedule II, most potent CNS stimulant and most widely used. Current
rage: freebasing and crack (cocaine, water and baking soda made into a paste and
dried; hard mixture broken into "rocks" which are smoked. Average binge: 12-36 hours.
✔✔Cocaine Short Term Physiological Effects - ✔✔inc. heart rate, blood pressure, runny
nose, muscle twitching, sexual stimulation, insomnia, loss of appetite, inc in motor
activity, inc in rate of speech, dilated pupils, elevated temp, sweating, dry mouth,
seizures, sudden cardiac arrest.
✔✔Cocaine Short Term Psychological Effects - ✔✔euphoria, excitation, restlessness,
anxiety, inc arousal, inc alertness, irritability, auditory hallucinations, delusions,
paranoia, perceived inc. in strength, feelings of enhanced mental ability.
✔✔Cocaine Warning Signs of Overdose - ✔✔1. vomit/headache/cold sweats/muscle
twitches
2. convulsions/rapid, gasping breaths/decreased blood pressure
3. dilated pupils, paralyzed, unable to breath, cardiac arrest and death
✔✔Cocaine Withdrawal Phases - ✔✔1. Intense emotional "crash" evidence by marked
depression, anxiety, exhaustion and cravings
2. General fatigue, lethargy, muscle twitching, decreased attention span, poor recall,
irritability, weakness, hypersomnia. loss of concerntation, increased appetite.
3. Intense cravings and anhedonia.
,✔✔Caffeine Uses - ✔✔Stimulant effect on CNS but least potent until 650 mg (5 cups)
then experience "Caffeinism" with measurable sx. Mild anlagesic: In Midol, Excedrin
and common cold. In NoDoz and Red Bull.
✔✔Nicotine Short Term Physiological Effects - ✔✔inc heart muscle tone, heart rate,
metabolic rate, blood presuure, constriction of blood vessels, changes in hormone
levels, inc in saliva, bronchial secretions, reduction in hunger, inc in blood sugar,
deadening of taste buds.
✔✔Nicotine Dependence - ✔✔Nicotine is considered to be one of the most physically
and psychologically addictive psychoactive substances available on the market.
✔✔Nicotine Withdrawal Sx - ✔✔(W/I 24 hours)
1. Coughing
2. Lack of concentration
3. Dizzines
4. Fatigue
5. Nervousness
6. Stomach Disturbances
7. Throat Problems
8. Sleep Disturbances
9. Skin Problems
10. Mood alterations
✔✔Narcotics - ✔✔Natural Opiates: Opium poppy, morphine, codeine Synthetic
Examples: oxycodone,, Darvon, OxyContin, Percodan, Percoset, MPPP (new heroin),
Vicodin, heroin, Demerol
Used in medical practice to eliminate severe pain. They also reduce anxiety and
depression, sedate decrease respinration, cause constipation and constrict the diameter
of the pupils. Wide use for suppressing coughing and controlling diarrhea.
✔✔Narcotics Short Term Physiological Effects - ✔✔bobbing head, flushing of skin of
face,neck and chest, constricted pinpoint pupils, suppression of cough, reduction of
respiratory functions, decrease in blood pressure, drowsiness, slurred speech,
constipation, nausea, sedation, vomiting, itching, inability to urinate, elimination of pain.
✔✔Narcotics Short Term Psychological Effects - ✔✔lethargy, euphoria, mental
clouding, impaired judgment.
✔✔Heroin - ✔✔Most Common Street Narcotic. Schedule I, made from morphine. IV
admin (shared needles)= HIV/AIDS increase, tuberculosis and Hep B&C
✔✔Heroin Short Term Physiological Effects - ✔✔Same as Narcotics general with the
exception of it also causes dry mouth, eyes and nose.
, ✔✔Heroin Short Term Psychological Effects - ✔✔Same as Narcotics general except is
also decreases anxiety.
✔✔Heroin Long Term Physiological Effects - ✔✔Metered by 1. pharmacological
properties of heroin, effects from route of administration and effects due to adulterants
added as follows: inc. risk of infection due to a decrease in immune system response,
irregular levels of sex hormones in men (decreased libido/erectile dysfunction) and
women (abnormal ovarian functioning), inc bronchial irritation and asthma, inc risk of
pneumonia, liver disease, collapsing of veins, related to IV admin, irregular level and
release of cortisol, fetal damage, chronic constipation, cardiovascular malfunctions,
severe skeletal muscle cell breakdown.
✔✔Heroin Withdrawal - ✔✔Withdrawal: 6-8 hours after last dose - peak 12-48 hours
after last dose lasting 4-5 days. Residual Withdrawal for extremely heavy users=
"Protracted Abstinence Syndrome" present for 8-12 months. See page 79 for details.
Opposite of Short Term effects. Characteristics: inability to tolerate stress or overcome
discomfort, tiredness, weakeness, anxiety and decreased pain threshold.
✔✔Opioid Replacement Treatment Considerations - ✔✔Treatment (Opioid
Replacement Therapy): Methadone (travel to clinic 7 days a week or use "take home"
bottles which risks abuse. LAAM is longer lasting (72 horus) and 3 days a week
administration however it has adverse side effects. Buprenorphine - agonist and
antagonist and blocks effects of other opioids taken simultaneously - abuse potential
small. Some require lifelong treatment. Useful in improving employment, reducing crime
and reducing HIV/AIDS transmission.
✔✔Narcotic Antagonist Treatment - ✔✔"opiate blockers" successfuly block or reverse
the euphoric effects of opioids, including heroin. Attractive alternative to opioid
replacement tx. Most common naltrexone (Depade/ReVia) and naloxone (Narcan).
Admin 3X a wk. Except new injectible form of naltrexone (Vivitrol) admin is 1X a month.
Setbacks for use: 1. do not delay onset of withdrawal sx
2. Must be detoxed from all opiates before starting treatment and it requires continued
client compliance after detox.
✔✔Street Names for Narcotic Interactions with Other drugs - ✔✔hydromorphone and
cocaine ="Speed-balling"
Pentazocine and antihistamines "T" or "Blues"
Most dangerous: Narcotics and Alcohol
✔✔Narcotic Withdrawal - ✔✔restlessness, anxiety, teary eyes, runny nose, nausea,
diarrhea, gooseflesh, dilated pupils, stomach cramps, vomiting, a subjective feelingn of
uneasiness and a sense that withdrawal is about to occur.
