,NSG3130/NSG 3130 Exam 1 | Fundamental Concepts &
Skills II | Galen College of Nursing | 2026/2027 Updated
(PDF)
1. What is the correct sequential order of the five steps of the nursing process?
A) Diagnosis, Assessment, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation
B) Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation
C) Planning, Assessment, Diagnosis, Implementation, Evaluation
D) Assessment, Planning, Diagnosis, Implementation, Evaluation
Correct Answer: Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation
Rationale: The nursing process is a systematic, problem-solving framework consisting of five steps in a
specific sequence. Assessment is the first step for data collection, followed by Diagnosis (analysis),
Planning (goal setting), Implementation (interventions), and Evaluation (outcome assessment). The
other options present incorrect orderings of these essential phases.
2. A nurse is formulating a PES statement that reads “Impaired Skin Integrity related to immobility as
evidenced by stage 2 pressure injury on the sacrum.” In which phase of the nursing process is the
nurse currently engaged?
A) Assessment
B) Diagnosis
C) Planning
D) Implementation
Correct Answer: Diagnosis
Rationale: The diagnosis phase involves analyzing assessment data to formulate nursing diagnoses,
which are structured as PES (Problem, Etiology, Signs/Symptoms) statements. Assessment is data
collection, Planning involves goal setting, and Implementation is carrying out interventions, making
Diagnosis the correct phase for this activity.
,3. During the evaluation phase of the nursing process, the nurse determines that a patient’s pain has
decreased from 8/10 to 3/10 following administration of an analgesic. What is the most appropriate
next action by the nurse?
A) Discontinue the pain medication order
B) Document the patient’s response to the intervention
C) Increase the medication dosage without consulting the provider
D) Reassess the patient’s pain in 24 hours
Correct Answer: Document the patient’s response to the intervention
Rationale: Evaluation requires documenting the patient's response to interventions to determine
whether goals were met. Discontinuing medication or changing dosage without authorization is
outside nursing scope. Reassessment should occur per protocol, but immediate documentation of the
evaluated outcome is the priority.
4. A nurse is collecting subjective data from a patient during an admission assessment. Which of the
following represents an example of subjective data?
A) Blood pressure 142/88 mmHg
B) Patient states, “I have had a headache for two days”
C) Heart rate 92 beats per minute
D) Oxygen saturation 96% on room air
Correct Answer: Patient states, “I have had a headache for two days”
Rationale: Subjective data consist of information reported by the patient, including symptoms,
feelings, and perceptions. Objective data are measurable and observable, such as vital signs. The
patient's verbal report of a headache is subjective, while blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen
saturation are objective measurements.
5. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which patient concern should the nurse prioritize first
when planning care?
A) Patient expresses feelings of loneliness and isolation
, B) Patient reports difficulty breathing and shortness of breath
C) Patient voices concern about low self-esteem after a mastectomy
D) Patient asks for help understanding a new diabetes diagnosis
Correct Answer: Patient reports difficulty breathing and shortness of breath
Rationale: Maslow's hierarchy places physiological needs (airway, breathing, circulation, nutrition,
elimination) at the most basic and urgent level. Breathing difficulty represents an immediate
physiological threat that must be addressed before higher-level needs such as love/belonging, self-
esteem, or self-actualization can be considered.
6. The Health Belief Model suggests that an individual's decision to engage in preventive health
behavior is most strongly influenced by which factor?
A) The individual's chronological age and gender
B) The individual's perceived susceptibility to and severity of the illness
C) The individual's socioeconomic status and income level
D) The individual's genetic predisposition to the disease
Correct Answer: The individual's perceived susceptibility to and severity of the illness
Rationale: The Health Belief Model proposes that perceived susceptibility (belief about personal risk)
and perceived severity (belief about seriousness of the condition) are primary motivators for
preventive action. While demographics and genetics may influence health, they are not core
constructs of this model, which focuses on perceptions and beliefs.
7. A nurse is caring for a patient who has been diagnosed with tuberculosis and requires airborne
precautions. Which personal protective equipment (PPE) is essential for the nurse to don before
entering the patient’s room?
A) Surgical mask and gloves
B) N95 respirator mask
C) Gown and gloves only
D) Face shield and gown
Skills II | Galen College of Nursing | 2026/2027 Updated
(PDF)
1. What is the correct sequential order of the five steps of the nursing process?
A) Diagnosis, Assessment, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation
B) Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation
C) Planning, Assessment, Diagnosis, Implementation, Evaluation
D) Assessment, Planning, Diagnosis, Implementation, Evaluation
Correct Answer: Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation
Rationale: The nursing process is a systematic, problem-solving framework consisting of five steps in a
specific sequence. Assessment is the first step for data collection, followed by Diagnosis (analysis),
Planning (goal setting), Implementation (interventions), and Evaluation (outcome assessment). The
other options present incorrect orderings of these essential phases.
2. A nurse is formulating a PES statement that reads “Impaired Skin Integrity related to immobility as
evidenced by stage 2 pressure injury on the sacrum.” In which phase of the nursing process is the
nurse currently engaged?
A) Assessment
B) Diagnosis
C) Planning
D) Implementation
Correct Answer: Diagnosis
Rationale: The diagnosis phase involves analyzing assessment data to formulate nursing diagnoses,
which are structured as PES (Problem, Etiology, Signs/Symptoms) statements. Assessment is data
collection, Planning involves goal setting, and Implementation is carrying out interventions, making
Diagnosis the correct phase for this activity.
,3. During the evaluation phase of the nursing process, the nurse determines that a patient’s pain has
decreased from 8/10 to 3/10 following administration of an analgesic. What is the most appropriate
next action by the nurse?
A) Discontinue the pain medication order
B) Document the patient’s response to the intervention
C) Increase the medication dosage without consulting the provider
D) Reassess the patient’s pain in 24 hours
Correct Answer: Document the patient’s response to the intervention
Rationale: Evaluation requires documenting the patient's response to interventions to determine
whether goals were met. Discontinuing medication or changing dosage without authorization is
outside nursing scope. Reassessment should occur per protocol, but immediate documentation of the
evaluated outcome is the priority.
4. A nurse is collecting subjective data from a patient during an admission assessment. Which of the
following represents an example of subjective data?
A) Blood pressure 142/88 mmHg
B) Patient states, “I have had a headache for two days”
C) Heart rate 92 beats per minute
D) Oxygen saturation 96% on room air
Correct Answer: Patient states, “I have had a headache for two days”
Rationale: Subjective data consist of information reported by the patient, including symptoms,
feelings, and perceptions. Objective data are measurable and observable, such as vital signs. The
patient's verbal report of a headache is subjective, while blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen
saturation are objective measurements.
5. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which patient concern should the nurse prioritize first
when planning care?
A) Patient expresses feelings of loneliness and isolation
, B) Patient reports difficulty breathing and shortness of breath
C) Patient voices concern about low self-esteem after a mastectomy
D) Patient asks for help understanding a new diabetes diagnosis
Correct Answer: Patient reports difficulty breathing and shortness of breath
Rationale: Maslow's hierarchy places physiological needs (airway, breathing, circulation, nutrition,
elimination) at the most basic and urgent level. Breathing difficulty represents an immediate
physiological threat that must be addressed before higher-level needs such as love/belonging, self-
esteem, or self-actualization can be considered.
6. The Health Belief Model suggests that an individual's decision to engage in preventive health
behavior is most strongly influenced by which factor?
A) The individual's chronological age and gender
B) The individual's perceived susceptibility to and severity of the illness
C) The individual's socioeconomic status and income level
D) The individual's genetic predisposition to the disease
Correct Answer: The individual's perceived susceptibility to and severity of the illness
Rationale: The Health Belief Model proposes that perceived susceptibility (belief about personal risk)
and perceived severity (belief about seriousness of the condition) are primary motivators for
preventive action. While demographics and genetics may influence health, they are not core
constructs of this model, which focuses on perceptions and beliefs.
7. A nurse is caring for a patient who has been diagnosed with tuberculosis and requires airborne
precautions. Which personal protective equipment (PPE) is essential for the nurse to don before
entering the patient’s room?
A) Surgical mask and gloves
B) N95 respirator mask
C) Gown and gloves only
D) Face shield and gown
