HAPS UPDATED SET ANSWERS AND QUESTIONS SET
A+
✔✔"In order for a muscle contration to be generated, an ________ ________ must
travel down the _________ of a motor neuron to the _________ _________.", -
✔✔,action potential / axon / axon terminus,
✔✔"As the action potential travels down the ______ of the _______ neuron, ________
_______ ________ open, allowing Ca++ to rush in (from an area of high to low
concentration).", - ✔✔,axon / motor / calcium ion channels,
✔✔The calcium ion (Ca++) influx causes the ________ _________ containing
____________ to bind to the axonal membrane., - ✔✔,synaptic vesicles / Ach
(acetylcholine),
✔✔"Ach is released, via ____________, into the _________ ________.", -
✔✔,exocytosis / synaptic cleft,
✔✔"Ach diffuses across the cleft, and binds to _______ _________ on the ________
_________ _______ of the sarcolemma.", - ✔✔,Ach receptors / motor end plate,
✔✔"When the ________ binds to the receptors on the motor end plate, this causes the
________ ________ __________ to open and _________ ________ move into the cell.
This is called __________.", - ✔✔,Ach / sodium ion (Na+) channels / sodium ions (Na+)
/ Depolarization,
✔✔"After the sodium ions (Na+) rush in, causing a depolarization wave, the _________
________ _______ open up, and ________ _______ rush out of the cell, repolarizing
the membrane of the cell.", - ✔✔,potassium (K+) ion channels / potassium (K+) ions,
✔✔The ________ _________ _________ ________ re-establishes the initial ionic
condition of the sarcolemma., - ✔✔,Sodium potassium ion pump,
, ✔✔The action potential generated by the depolarization wave down the membrane of
the sarcolemma is propogated down the __ ________., - ✔✔,T tubules,
✔✔"The ________ Reticulum releases _______ ______, which bind to the troponin on
the actin.", - ✔✔,Sarcoplasmic / Calcium Ions (Ca++),
✔✔"When calcium ions (which were released by the sarcoplasmic reticulum) bind to the
troponin, it changes the shape ot the troponin, removing the blocking action of the
____________, exposing the actin active sites.", - ✔✔,tropomyosin,
✔✔"The _______ heads attach to the actin active sites, drawing the actin filaments
toward the center of the ________.", - ✔✔,myosin heads / sarcomere,
✔✔"As long as ______ is present in the sarcoplasm, the cross-bridging cycle of muscle
contraction continues.", - ✔✔,Ca++,
✔✔"After the action potential ends, the ________ ________ ""sucks up"" the Ca++,
which causes the tropomyosin to go back into to blocking position, covering the
_______ _______ ________.", - ✔✔,Sarcoplasmic reticulum / actin active sites,
✔✔"When the myosin heads are bound to the actin active sites, this is called _______
________ _______.", - ✔✔,cross bridge formation,
✔✔_______ must be added to the myosin head to release it from the actin active site., -
✔✔,ATP,
✔✔"In order for the myosin head to be ""recocked"" into a high energy position, the ATP
must be ________, releasing energy.", - ✔✔,hydrolyzed (or spit),
✔✔"In terms of muscle contraction, what has the nickname of the ""go"" signal?", -
✔✔,Ca++ (calcium ions),
✔✔____________ means the membrane becomes MORE positive (less negative)., -
✔✔,Depolarization,
✔✔"At rest, muscle cells are polarized, meaning they are more negative on the inside.
True or false?", - ✔✔,TRUE,
✔✔"When Na+ (sodium ions) rush into the muscle cell, it becomes ___________.", -
✔✔,depolarized,
A+
✔✔"In order for a muscle contration to be generated, an ________ ________ must
travel down the _________ of a motor neuron to the _________ _________.", -
✔✔,action potential / axon / axon terminus,
✔✔"As the action potential travels down the ______ of the _______ neuron, ________
_______ ________ open, allowing Ca++ to rush in (from an area of high to low
concentration).", - ✔✔,axon / motor / calcium ion channels,
✔✔The calcium ion (Ca++) influx causes the ________ _________ containing
____________ to bind to the axonal membrane., - ✔✔,synaptic vesicles / Ach
(acetylcholine),
✔✔"Ach is released, via ____________, into the _________ ________.", -
✔✔,exocytosis / synaptic cleft,
✔✔"Ach diffuses across the cleft, and binds to _______ _________ on the ________
_________ _______ of the sarcolemma.", - ✔✔,Ach receptors / motor end plate,
✔✔"When the ________ binds to the receptors on the motor end plate, this causes the
________ ________ __________ to open and _________ ________ move into the cell.
This is called __________.", - ✔✔,Ach / sodium ion (Na+) channels / sodium ions (Na+)
/ Depolarization,
✔✔"After the sodium ions (Na+) rush in, causing a depolarization wave, the _________
________ _______ open up, and ________ _______ rush out of the cell, repolarizing
the membrane of the cell.", - ✔✔,potassium (K+) ion channels / potassium (K+) ions,
✔✔The ________ _________ _________ ________ re-establishes the initial ionic
condition of the sarcolemma., - ✔✔,Sodium potassium ion pump,
, ✔✔The action potential generated by the depolarization wave down the membrane of
the sarcolemma is propogated down the __ ________., - ✔✔,T tubules,
✔✔"The ________ Reticulum releases _______ ______, which bind to the troponin on
the actin.", - ✔✔,Sarcoplasmic / Calcium Ions (Ca++),
✔✔"When calcium ions (which were released by the sarcoplasmic reticulum) bind to the
troponin, it changes the shape ot the troponin, removing the blocking action of the
____________, exposing the actin active sites.", - ✔✔,tropomyosin,
✔✔"The _______ heads attach to the actin active sites, drawing the actin filaments
toward the center of the ________.", - ✔✔,myosin heads / sarcomere,
✔✔"As long as ______ is present in the sarcoplasm, the cross-bridging cycle of muscle
contraction continues.", - ✔✔,Ca++,
✔✔"After the action potential ends, the ________ ________ ""sucks up"" the Ca++,
which causes the tropomyosin to go back into to blocking position, covering the
_______ _______ ________.", - ✔✔,Sarcoplasmic reticulum / actin active sites,
✔✔"When the myosin heads are bound to the actin active sites, this is called _______
________ _______.", - ✔✔,cross bridge formation,
✔✔_______ must be added to the myosin head to release it from the actin active site., -
✔✔,ATP,
✔✔"In order for the myosin head to be ""recocked"" into a high energy position, the ATP
must be ________, releasing energy.", - ✔✔,hydrolyzed (or spit),
✔✔"In terms of muscle contraction, what has the nickname of the ""go"" signal?", -
✔✔,Ca++ (calcium ions),
✔✔____________ means the membrane becomes MORE positive (less negative)., -
✔✔,Depolarization,
✔✔"At rest, muscle cells are polarized, meaning they are more negative on the inside.
True or false?", - ✔✔,TRUE,
✔✔"When Na+ (sodium ions) rush into the muscle cell, it becomes ___________.", -
✔✔,depolarized,
