HAPS CORE REVIEWS ANSWERS AND QUESTIONS
SET A+
✔✔anterior root - ✔✔Sensory neurons enter the spinal nerve cord at the
A) anterior root.
B) ventral root.
C) gray commissure.
D) lateral horns.
E) anterior median fissure
✔✔anterior ramus - ✔✔Which branch of each spinal nerve gives rise to the nerves of
the extremities?
A) posterior ramus
B) posterior root
C) anterior ramus
D) anterior root
✔✔receptor>afferent nerve>interneuron>efferent nerve>muscle - ✔✔The portions of
the reflex arc in conduction sequence are
A) receptor > efferent nerve > interneuron > afferent nerve > muscle.
B) receptor > afferent nerve > interneuron > efferent nerve > muscle.
C) receptor > interneuron > efferent nerve > afferent nerve > muscle.
D) muscle > efferent nerve > interneuron > afferent nerve > receptor.
E) muscle > afferent nerve > interneuron > efferent nerve > receptor
✔✔microglia - ✔✔Derived from white blood cells, these cells in the central nervous
system are often found at the site of injury of brain tissue.
A) oligodendrocytes
B) Schwann cells
C) astrocytes
D) ependymal cells
E) microglia
, ✔✔Schwann cells - ✔✔Nodes of Ranvier are gaps between adjacent
A) neurons.
B) dendrites.
C) oligodendrocytes.
D) Schwann cells
✔✔Na+ ions move from outside to inside the membrane - ✔✔During the depolarization
phase of an action potential in a neuron
A) K+ ions move from inside to outside the membrane.
B) Na+ ions move from outside to inside the membrane.
C) the Na/K ATPase pumps Na into the cell.
D) K+ and Na+ ions trade places across the membrane.
E) both K+ and Na+ move from outside to inside the membrane
✔✔summation - ✔✔The process of adding the effects of many postsynaptic potentials is
A) summation.
B) neural integration.
C) discharging.
D) neuromodulation
✔✔extensibility - ✔✔The ability of the muscle cell to stretch under tension is known as
A) excitability.
B) conductivity.
C) extensibility.
D) elasticity
✔✔T tubules - ✔✔Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum when an action
potential opens gated ion channels located in the ________________.
A) sarcolemma
B) myofilaments
C) myoglobin
D) T tubules
✔✔isometric - ✔✔If you attempt to lift a heavy object but it doesn't move, what type of
contraction have you performed?
A) concentric
B) eccentric
C) isotonic
D) isometric
✔✔are white - ✔✔Fast-twitch fibers
A) have a lot of myoglobin.
B) mainly synthesize ATP by aerobic respiration.
C) are white.
D) have more mitochondria
SET A+
✔✔anterior root - ✔✔Sensory neurons enter the spinal nerve cord at the
A) anterior root.
B) ventral root.
C) gray commissure.
D) lateral horns.
E) anterior median fissure
✔✔anterior ramus - ✔✔Which branch of each spinal nerve gives rise to the nerves of
the extremities?
A) posterior ramus
B) posterior root
C) anterior ramus
D) anterior root
✔✔receptor>afferent nerve>interneuron>efferent nerve>muscle - ✔✔The portions of
the reflex arc in conduction sequence are
A) receptor > efferent nerve > interneuron > afferent nerve > muscle.
B) receptor > afferent nerve > interneuron > efferent nerve > muscle.
C) receptor > interneuron > efferent nerve > afferent nerve > muscle.
D) muscle > efferent nerve > interneuron > afferent nerve > receptor.
E) muscle > afferent nerve > interneuron > efferent nerve > receptor
✔✔microglia - ✔✔Derived from white blood cells, these cells in the central nervous
system are often found at the site of injury of brain tissue.
A) oligodendrocytes
B) Schwann cells
C) astrocytes
D) ependymal cells
E) microglia
, ✔✔Schwann cells - ✔✔Nodes of Ranvier are gaps between adjacent
A) neurons.
B) dendrites.
C) oligodendrocytes.
D) Schwann cells
✔✔Na+ ions move from outside to inside the membrane - ✔✔During the depolarization
phase of an action potential in a neuron
A) K+ ions move from inside to outside the membrane.
B) Na+ ions move from outside to inside the membrane.
C) the Na/K ATPase pumps Na into the cell.
D) K+ and Na+ ions trade places across the membrane.
E) both K+ and Na+ move from outside to inside the membrane
✔✔summation - ✔✔The process of adding the effects of many postsynaptic potentials is
A) summation.
B) neural integration.
C) discharging.
D) neuromodulation
✔✔extensibility - ✔✔The ability of the muscle cell to stretch under tension is known as
A) excitability.
B) conductivity.
C) extensibility.
D) elasticity
✔✔T tubules - ✔✔Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum when an action
potential opens gated ion channels located in the ________________.
A) sarcolemma
B) myofilaments
C) myoglobin
D) T tubules
✔✔isometric - ✔✔If you attempt to lift a heavy object but it doesn't move, what type of
contraction have you performed?
A) concentric
B) eccentric
C) isotonic
D) isometric
✔✔are white - ✔✔Fast-twitch fibers
A) have a lot of myoglobin.
B) mainly synthesize ATP by aerobic respiration.
C) are white.
D) have more mitochondria
