With 100% Actual Answers 2026/2027
Edition.
Accelerate-stop distance available (ASDA) - Answer The runway plus stop way length declared
available and suitable for the acceleration and deceleration of an airplane aborting a takeoff.
ACN-PCN - Answer Refers to the Aircraft Classification Number - Pavement Classification
Number method. This method is structured so a pavement with a particular PCN value can
support, without weight restrictions, an airplane that has an ACN value equal to or less than the
pavement's PCN value. This is possible because ACN and PCN values are computed using the
same technical basis. Applies only to pavements with bearing strengths of 12,500 pounds or
greater.
Aircraft approach category - Answer A grouping of aircraft based on 1.3 times their stall speed
in their landing configuration at the certificated maximum flap setting and maximum landing
weight at standard atmospheric conditions. The categories are as follows: Category A: Speed
less than 91 knots. Category B: Speed 91 knots or more but less than 121 knots. Category C:
Speed 121 knots or more but less than 141 knots. Category D: Speed 141 knots or more but less
than 166 knots. Category E: Speed 166 knots or more.
Aircraft Classification Number (ACN) - Answer A unique number that expresses the relative
effect of an airplane at a given weight on a pavement structure.
Aircraft Rescue Firefighting (ARFF) - Answer Consists of the equipment, personnel, and agents
in place to respond to aircraft incidents or accidents. Airports certificated under Part 139 must
comply with specific ARFF requirements regarding Index, equipment and agents, and
operational requirements.
Airplane Design Group - Answer A grouping of airplanes based on wingspan or tail height.
Where an airplane is in two categories, the most demanding category should be used. The
groups are as follows: Group I: Up to but not including 49 feet (15 m) wingspan or tail height up
to but not including 20 feet. Group II: 49 feet (15 m) up to but not including 79 feet (24 m)
wingspan or tail height from 20 up to but not including 30 feet. Group III: 79 feet (24 m) up to
but not including 118 feet (36 m) wingspan or tail height from 30 up to but not including 45
feet. Group IV: 118 feet (36 m) up to but not including 171 feet (52 m) wingspan or tail height
from 45 up to but not including 60 feet. Group V: 171 feet (52 m) up to but not including 214
feet (65 m) wingspan or tail height from 60 up to but not including 66 feet. Group VI: 214 feet
(65 m) up to but not including 262 feet (80 m) wingspan or tail height from 66 up to but not
including 80 feet.
Airport Emergency Plan (AEP) - Answer Documents designed to address those emergencies
that occur on, or directly impact, an airport or adjacent property that: 1) is within the authority
,and responsibility of the airport to respond; or 2) may present a threat to the airport because of
the proximity of the emergency to the airport.
Airport Traffic Control Tower - Answer Airport Traffic Control (ATC) towers are terminal
facilities that use air and ground communications, visual signaling and other devices to provide
ATC services to aircraft operating in the vicinity of an airport or on the movement area. They
authorize aircraft to land or takeoff at the airport or to transit the local airspace. A tower may
also provide approach control services (radar or non-radar).
Anti-icing - Answer A proactive approach to winter operations in which chemical is applied to
the pavement surface either before any precipitation or just as it is starting in an effort to
prevent a bond from forming between the pavement surface and the frozen precipitation.
Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF) - Answer Designed to cool the fire and to coat the fuel,
preventing its contact with oxygen, resulting in suppression of the combustion.
Automatic Terminal Information Service (ATIS) - Answer The continuous broadcast of recorded
non-control information in high activity terminal areas. Its purpose is to improve pilot and
controller effectiveness and to relieve frequency congestion by automating the repetitive
transmission of essential but routine information.
Auto ignition temperature - Answer The lowest temperature at which a fuel will
spontaneously ignite in a normal atmosphere without an external source of ignition, such as a
flame or spark.
Clearway - Answer A defined rectangular area beyond the end of a runway cleared or suitable
for use in lieu of runway to satisfy takeoff distance requirements. Established for runways having
instrument departures and considers the climb-out requirements of turbine-powered aircraft on
takeoff, including the possibility of an engine-out operation. Increases the allowable aircraft
operating takeoff weight without increasing runway length.
Combustible - Answer Material with a flash point at or above 100˚F.
Command - Answer Refers to the ability to act with clearly defined authority and to dominate
the actions of the groups involved so that the objective (resolving the emergency) is
accomplished.
Communication - Answer The element that acts as the "central nervous system" of the overall
response. It holds the entire organization together.
, Commercial service airports - Answer Airports receiving scheduled passenger service and
having 2,500 or more enplaned passengers per year. As of 2017, there are 511 commercial
service airports nationwide.
Common Traffic Advisory Frequency (CTAF) - Answer The VHF frequency used by pilots and
ground vehicle operators on airports to self-announce and coordinate arrivals and departures
safely, giving position reports and acknowledging other aircraft in the airport traffic pattern. At
small airports, this frequency may also be used to manipulate pilot-controlled lighting systems.
Continuous Friction Measuring Equipment (CFME) - Answer A type of friction-measuring
equipment recommended for pavement surfaces covered with contaminants, as CFME provides
a continuous graphic record of the pavement surface friction characteristics with friction
averages for each one-third zone of the runway length. May be either self-contained or towed.
Cracking - Answer A form of pavement distress formed by stresses caused by expansion and
contraction or warping of pavement (rigid pavement); or deflection of the surface over an
unstable foundation, shrinkage of the surface, thermal expansion and contraction of the
surface, poorly constructed lane joints, or reflection (flexible pavement).
Decelerometer (DEC) - Answer A type of friction-measuring equipment that provides a spot
check of the pavement surface, rather than a continuous graphic record of friction. May be
electronic or mechanical.
Decision point (DP) - Answer The point in an approach, usually at a specified height or
altitude, at which a missed approach must be initiated if the required visual reference, such as
the runway or runway environment, to continue the approach has not been acquired.
Declared distances - Answer The distances the airport sponsor declares available for use in
meeting an airplane's takeoff run, takeoff distance, accelerate-stop distance, and landing
distance requirements. At Part 139 airports, declared distance data must be listed for all runway
ends that are specified as Part 139 use.
Deicing - Answer A reactive approach to winter operations in which chemical is applied to the
top of an accumulation of snow, ice, or frost that has already bonded with the pavement
surface.
Disintegration - Answer A form of pavement distress that involves the breaking up of a
pavement into small, loose particles and includes the dislodging of aggregate particles.
Improper curing and finishing of the concrete, unsuitable aggregates, and improper mixing of
the concrete can cause this distress.