RASMUSSEN PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2
CERTIFICATION SCRIPT 2026 FULL
ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ Loss of urinary control.
Answer: Urinary Incontinence
⩥ Involuntary urination by a child after 4-5 years of age.
Answer: Enuresis
⩥ Bed-wetting.
Answer: Nocturnal Enuresis
⩥ Urinary incontinence resulting from a temporary condition.
Answer: Transient Incontinence
⩥ Causes of?: delirium, infection, atrophic vaginitis, use of certain
medications, psychological factors, high urine output, restricted
mobility, fecal impaction, alcohol, and caffeine.
Answer: Transient Incontinence
,⩥ Loss of urine from pressure exerted on the bladder by coughing,
sneezing, laughing, exercising, or lifting something heavy..
Answer: Stress Incontinence
⩥ Occurs when the sphincter muscle of the bladder is weakened.
Contributing factors: pregnancy, childbirth, menopause, cystocele,
prostate removal, obesity, and chronic coughing.
Answer: Stress Incontinence
⩥ Sudden, intense urge to urinate, followed by an involuntary loss of
urine.
Answer: Urge Incontinence
⩥ Causes of?: Urinary tract infections, bladder irritants, bowel
conditions, smoking, Parkinson's Disease, Alzheimer's disease, stroke,
injury, and nervous system damage..
Answer: Urge Incontinence
⩥ Urge incontinence with no known cause.
Answer: Overactive Bladder
⩥ Urinary incontinence caused by trauma or damage to the nervous
system. Urgency is generally absent.
Answer: Reflex Incontinence
, ⩥ Increased detrusor muscle contractility that occurs even though there
is no sensation to void.
Answer: Detrusor Hyperreflexia
⩥ Inability to empty the bladder, or retention. Other indications include
dribbling urine and a weak urine stream..
Answer: Overflow Incontinence
⩥ Causes of?: bladder damage, urethral blockage, nerve damage, and
prostate conditions.
Answer: Overflow Incontinence
⩥ Occurs because of a perceived inability to interrupt work to void that
results in detrusor muscle areflexia and overflow incontinence.
Answer: Chronic Overdistension
⩥ Occurs when symptoms of more than one type of urinary incontinence
are experienced.
Answer: Mixed Incontinence
⩥ Occurs in many older adults, especially people in nursing home, who
have a physical or mental impairment that prevents toileting time.
Answer: Functional Incontinence
CERTIFICATION SCRIPT 2026 FULL
ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ Loss of urinary control.
Answer: Urinary Incontinence
⩥ Involuntary urination by a child after 4-5 years of age.
Answer: Enuresis
⩥ Bed-wetting.
Answer: Nocturnal Enuresis
⩥ Urinary incontinence resulting from a temporary condition.
Answer: Transient Incontinence
⩥ Causes of?: delirium, infection, atrophic vaginitis, use of certain
medications, psychological factors, high urine output, restricted
mobility, fecal impaction, alcohol, and caffeine.
Answer: Transient Incontinence
,⩥ Loss of urine from pressure exerted on the bladder by coughing,
sneezing, laughing, exercising, or lifting something heavy..
Answer: Stress Incontinence
⩥ Occurs when the sphincter muscle of the bladder is weakened.
Contributing factors: pregnancy, childbirth, menopause, cystocele,
prostate removal, obesity, and chronic coughing.
Answer: Stress Incontinence
⩥ Sudden, intense urge to urinate, followed by an involuntary loss of
urine.
Answer: Urge Incontinence
⩥ Causes of?: Urinary tract infections, bladder irritants, bowel
conditions, smoking, Parkinson's Disease, Alzheimer's disease, stroke,
injury, and nervous system damage..
Answer: Urge Incontinence
⩥ Urge incontinence with no known cause.
Answer: Overactive Bladder
⩥ Urinary incontinence caused by trauma or damage to the nervous
system. Urgency is generally absent.
Answer: Reflex Incontinence
, ⩥ Increased detrusor muscle contractility that occurs even though there
is no sensation to void.
Answer: Detrusor Hyperreflexia
⩥ Inability to empty the bladder, or retention. Other indications include
dribbling urine and a weak urine stream..
Answer: Overflow Incontinence
⩥ Causes of?: bladder damage, urethral blockage, nerve damage, and
prostate conditions.
Answer: Overflow Incontinence
⩥ Occurs because of a perceived inability to interrupt work to void that
results in detrusor muscle areflexia and overflow incontinence.
Answer: Chronic Overdistension
⩥ Occurs when symptoms of more than one type of urinary incontinence
are experienced.
Answer: Mixed Incontinence
⩥ Occurs in many older adults, especially people in nursing home, who
have a physical or mental impairment that prevents toileting time.
Answer: Functional Incontinence
