RASMUSSEN PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1
ACTUAL PAPER 2026 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
CERTIFICATION READY
◉ Fluid excretion from?
Answer: skin(sweating), lungs(exhaling), bowels, urine (largest
amount from urine)
◉ Causes of fluid deficits
Answer: Vomiting, diarrhea
◉ what is the electrolyte pool?
Answer: bone marrow (calcium, magnesium, phosphate)
◉ causes of edema
Answer: increased capillary hydrostatic pressure, loss of plasma
proteins, obstruction of lymphatic circulation, increased capillary
permeability
◉ Hypokalemia S/S
, Answer: Fatigue
Muscle weakness
Abd distention, bloating, hypoactive bowels sounds, constipation
Dysrhythmias, Flat T waves on ECG
◉ Hyperkalemia S/S
Answer: Muscle weakness,
Mild cramping, hyperactive bowel sounds, diarrhea Bradycardia,
Dysrhythmias, Tall T waves on ECG, Cardiac arrest
◉ Hypocalcemia S/S
Answer: Diarrhea, Numbness, Tingling of extremities and around
mouth, Convulsions, Positive Chvostek sign, Positive Trousseau sign,
painful cramps ('charlie horses')
Brady, brittle bones,
◉ Hypercalcemia S/S
Answer: Muscle weakness, Constipation, Anorexia, N/V, Polyuria,
confusion, increased HR and BP, Dysrhythmias, blood clots form
easily, risk for DVT
◉ Hyponatremia S/S
ACTUAL PAPER 2026 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
CERTIFICATION READY
◉ Fluid excretion from?
Answer: skin(sweating), lungs(exhaling), bowels, urine (largest
amount from urine)
◉ Causes of fluid deficits
Answer: Vomiting, diarrhea
◉ what is the electrolyte pool?
Answer: bone marrow (calcium, magnesium, phosphate)
◉ causes of edema
Answer: increased capillary hydrostatic pressure, loss of plasma
proteins, obstruction of lymphatic circulation, increased capillary
permeability
◉ Hypokalemia S/S
, Answer: Fatigue
Muscle weakness
Abd distention, bloating, hypoactive bowels sounds, constipation
Dysrhythmias, Flat T waves on ECG
◉ Hyperkalemia S/S
Answer: Muscle weakness,
Mild cramping, hyperactive bowel sounds, diarrhea Bradycardia,
Dysrhythmias, Tall T waves on ECG, Cardiac arrest
◉ Hypocalcemia S/S
Answer: Diarrhea, Numbness, Tingling of extremities and around
mouth, Convulsions, Positive Chvostek sign, Positive Trousseau sign,
painful cramps ('charlie horses')
Brady, brittle bones,
◉ Hypercalcemia S/S
Answer: Muscle weakness, Constipation, Anorexia, N/V, Polyuria,
confusion, increased HR and BP, Dysrhythmias, blood clots form
easily, risk for DVT
◉ Hyponatremia S/S
