RASMUSSEN PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 250
CERTIFICATION EVALUATION EXAMS 2026
SOLVED QUESTIONS WITH FULL SOLUTION
◉ Rough ER.
Answer: That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with
ribosomes.
◉ Smooth ER.
Answer: That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of
ribosomes.
◉ Homeostasis.
Answer: A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal
state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood
glucose, around a particular level
◉ Hypertrophy.
Answer: increase in muscle/tissue size, excessive development
◉ atrophy.
,Answer: the wasting away of a body organ or tissue; any progressive
decline or failure; to waste away
◉ Ischemia.
Answer: an inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body,
especially the heart muscles.
◉ S/S of Objective Data.
Answer: Any observations made by using your senses (pts. blood
pressure, physical findings, and lab values)
◉ S/S of Subjective Data.
Answer: Any symptoms pt. complains of, what the pt. feels (pain)
◉ Epinephrine.
Answer: Neurotransmitter secreted by the adrenal medulla in
response to stress. Also known as adrenaline.
◉ Renin.
Answer: hormone secreted by the kidney; it raises blood pressure by
influencing vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels)
◉ What causes edema?.
,Answer: -reduced concentration of plasma proteins
-increased permeability of capillary wall
-increased venous pressure
-blockage of lymph vessels
◉ Signs and symptoms of fluid excess.
Answer: edema, dysnpea (trouble breathing), hyptertension (high
bp), JVD, pulse increase and bounding, weight increase
◉ Signs and symptoms of dehydration.
Answer: Dry mucous membranes, decreased skin turgor, Low BP,
Low pulse, fatigue, Increased HCT, decreased mental function,
confusion, and loss of consciousness
◉ S/S of hypocalcemia.
Answer: - muscle twitches/tetany
- hyperactive DTRs
- positive Chvostek's sign (tapping on the facial nerve triggering
facial twitching)
- positive Trousseau's sign (hand/finger spasms with sustained
blood pressure cuff inflation)
- seizures
, ◉ Osmosis.
Answer: Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable
membrane
◉ Diffusion.
Answer: Movement of molecules from an area of higher
concentration to an area of lower concentration.
◉ active transport.
Answer: Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell
membrane against a concentration difference
◉ Effect of hypertonic solution.
Answer: cell shrinks and can die
◉ effect of a hypotonic solution.
Answer: cell swells and can burst
◉ active immunity.
Answer: A form of acquired immunity in which the body produces
its own antibodies against disease-causing antigens.
◉ passive immunity.
CERTIFICATION EVALUATION EXAMS 2026
SOLVED QUESTIONS WITH FULL SOLUTION
◉ Rough ER.
Answer: That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with
ribosomes.
◉ Smooth ER.
Answer: That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of
ribosomes.
◉ Homeostasis.
Answer: A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal
state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood
glucose, around a particular level
◉ Hypertrophy.
Answer: increase in muscle/tissue size, excessive development
◉ atrophy.
,Answer: the wasting away of a body organ or tissue; any progressive
decline or failure; to waste away
◉ Ischemia.
Answer: an inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body,
especially the heart muscles.
◉ S/S of Objective Data.
Answer: Any observations made by using your senses (pts. blood
pressure, physical findings, and lab values)
◉ S/S of Subjective Data.
Answer: Any symptoms pt. complains of, what the pt. feels (pain)
◉ Epinephrine.
Answer: Neurotransmitter secreted by the adrenal medulla in
response to stress. Also known as adrenaline.
◉ Renin.
Answer: hormone secreted by the kidney; it raises blood pressure by
influencing vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels)
◉ What causes edema?.
,Answer: -reduced concentration of plasma proteins
-increased permeability of capillary wall
-increased venous pressure
-blockage of lymph vessels
◉ Signs and symptoms of fluid excess.
Answer: edema, dysnpea (trouble breathing), hyptertension (high
bp), JVD, pulse increase and bounding, weight increase
◉ Signs and symptoms of dehydration.
Answer: Dry mucous membranes, decreased skin turgor, Low BP,
Low pulse, fatigue, Increased HCT, decreased mental function,
confusion, and loss of consciousness
◉ S/S of hypocalcemia.
Answer: - muscle twitches/tetany
- hyperactive DTRs
- positive Chvostek's sign (tapping on the facial nerve triggering
facial twitching)
- positive Trousseau's sign (hand/finger spasms with sustained
blood pressure cuff inflation)
- seizures
, ◉ Osmosis.
Answer: Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable
membrane
◉ Diffusion.
Answer: Movement of molecules from an area of higher
concentration to an area of lower concentration.
◉ active transport.
Answer: Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell
membrane against a concentration difference
◉ Effect of hypertonic solution.
Answer: cell shrinks and can die
◉ effect of a hypotonic solution.
Answer: cell swells and can burst
◉ active immunity.
Answer: A form of acquired immunity in which the body produces
its own antibodies against disease-causing antigens.
◉ passive immunity.
