HCR 240 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL REVIEW
MODULES 4–7 2026/2027 | STUDY GUIDE,
PRACTICE QUESTIONS, ANSWERS & EXAM
PREP
1 of 255
Definition
Benign breast condition with an increased growth and fibrosis of
breast tissue
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Fibrotic breast disease Chronic pancreatitis
Subarachnoid hemorrahage Caput medusa
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2 of 255
,Definition
Chemical messengers sent between neurons
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Enzyme Receptor
Dopamine Neurotransmitter
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3 of 255
Definition
Bulging, wide eyes; sign of Grave's Disease/hyperthroidism
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Nystagmus Myxedema
Exophthalmos Diplopia
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4 of 255
,Definition
Hormonal imbalance of androgen and estrogen that causes
amenorrhea and infertility; ova can develop but are not released
(anovulation)
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Polycystic ovary syndrome Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Substantia nigra Osteoarthritis (OA)
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5 of 255
Definition
Pancreas cells that secrete insulin
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Beta cells Alpha cells
Delta cells Gamma cells
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6 of 255
Definition
The most common type of headache, characterized by head pain that
often has corollary pain in the neck, back, or other related muscle
areas.
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Chronic migraine Tension-Type Headache (TTH)
Migraine With aura Trauma headache
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7 of 255
Definition
Main type is called a cluster headache. Activation of the
trigeminovascular system, autonomic nerves, and hypothalamus play
prominent roles.
Give this one a go later!
MODULES 4–7 2026/2027 | STUDY GUIDE,
PRACTICE QUESTIONS, ANSWERS & EXAM
PREP
1 of 255
Definition
Benign breast condition with an increased growth and fibrosis of
breast tissue
Give this one a go later!
Fibrotic breast disease Chronic pancreatitis
Subarachnoid hemorrahage Caput medusa
Don't know?
2 of 255
,Definition
Chemical messengers sent between neurons
Give this one a go later!
Enzyme Receptor
Dopamine Neurotransmitter
Don't know?
3 of 255
Definition
Bulging, wide eyes; sign of Grave's Disease/hyperthroidism
Give this one a go later!
Nystagmus Myxedema
Exophthalmos Diplopia
Don't know?
4 of 255
,Definition
Hormonal imbalance of androgen and estrogen that causes
amenorrhea and infertility; ova can develop but are not released
(anovulation)
Give this one a go later!
Polycystic ovary syndrome Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Substantia nigra Osteoarthritis (OA)
Don't know?
5 of 255
Definition
Pancreas cells that secrete insulin
Give this one a go later!
Beta cells Alpha cells
Delta cells Gamma cells
, Don't know?
6 of 255
Definition
The most common type of headache, characterized by head pain that
often has corollary pain in the neck, back, or other related muscle
areas.
Give this one a go later!
Chronic migraine Tension-Type Headache (TTH)
Migraine With aura Trauma headache
Don't know?
7 of 255
Definition
Main type is called a cluster headache. Activation of the
trigeminovascular system, autonomic nerves, and hypothalamus play
prominent roles.
Give this one a go later!
