Test Bank for business management complete practice exam questions and answers

Test Bank for business management complete practice exam questions and answers 1 Student: ___________________________________________________________________________ 1. According to the opening case, the most important reason to assemble iPhones in China was due to: A. lower labour costs in China B. foreign exchange rates C. consumer preferences for foreign items D. the ability to scale production up and down E. tariffs and trade barriers 2. The trend toward a more integrated and interdependent global economic system that has been in place for many years is commonly referred to as: A. market standardization B. cross-border integration C. globalization D. consumerism E. nationalization 3. Sourcing goods and services from locations around the globe is known as __________. A. melding of markets B. integration of markets C. deregulation D. globalization of production E. globalization of markets F. 4. The globalization of __________ refers to the sourcing of goods and services from locations around the globe to take advantage of national differences in the cost and quality of factors of production (such as labour, energy, land, and capital). A. information technology B. process design C. markets D. production E. R&D 5. The factors of production include: A. information technology B. process design C. markets D. labour E. research and development 6. The _______ was created in 1944 by 44 nations that met in Breton Woods, New Hampshire. A. International bank A. B. C. D. E. B. World Monetary Fund C. World Trade Organization D. International Monetary Fund E. United Nations 7. The _______ is seen as the lender of last resort to nation-states whose economies are in turmoil and currencies are losing value against those of other nations. A. International Monetary Fund B. International bank C. United Nations D. Canada's Export Development Corporation E. Bank of Canada 8. Who is responsible for policing the world trading system? A. International Monetary Fund B. The World Bank C. The World Trade Organization D. Canada's Export Development Corporation E. Bank of Canada 9. What was created at the same time as the International Monetary Fund? A. World Bank B. GATT C. United Nations D. Canada's Export Development Corporation E. Bank of Canada 10. Although this organization is perhaps best known for its peacekeeping role, one of its central mandates is the promotion of higher standards of living, full employment, and conditions of economic and social progress and development. What is it called? A. World Bank B. GATT C. United Nations D. Canada's Export Development Corporation E. Bank of Canada 11. _______ are the two macro factors that seem to underlie the trend toward greater globalization. A. The increase in global economic stability, and the slowdown in technological change BThe increase in barriers to the free flow of goods, services, and capital that has occurred since the end . of World War II, and global economic stability CThe decline in barriers to the free flow of goods, services, and capital that has occurred in the past 10 . years, and the slowdown in technological change DThe decline in barriers to the free flow of goods, services, and capital that has occurred since the end of . World War II, and technological change E. Technological Change and the convergence of global product preferences 12. Firm X exports a number of products to users in other countries. This practice is referred to as __________. A. world exchange B. international trade C. cross-national barter D. situational commerce E. multinational diversification 13. XYZ, Inc. is an auto parts distributing warehouse that exports many of its products to consumers in other countries. XYZ Inc. can be described as engaging in: A. international trade. B. cross-border investments. C. product development. D. trading barriers. E. international procurement. 14. Which of the following refers to the exporting of goods or services to consumers in another country? A. situational commerce B. world exchange C. international trade D. cross-national barter E. foreign investment 15. Although Inco is a Canadian company, it has invested substantial business resources in activities outside Canada. This practice is referred to as: A. transnational commerce B. foreign direct investment C. international trade D. organizational diversification E. outsourcing 16. The investing of resources in business activities outside a firm's home country is referred to as: A. international trade B. domestic direct investment C. transnational barter D. foreign direct investment E. outsourcing 17. The __________ is a treaty designed to remove barriers to the free flow of goods, services, and capital between nations. A. Global Agreement on Tariffs and Commerce B. United Nations Treaty on Trade C. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade D. Multi-National Agreement on Tariffs and Commerce E. The ILO 18. After World War II, the West committed to removing trade barriers between nations because of what experience? A. the loss of production from the war B. retaliatory trade policies leading to the Depression C. the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade D. massive waves of immigrants seeking jobs E. the shift away from production to consumption 19. Under the umbrella of GATT there have been eight rounds of negotiations among member states. The _______ was the most recent round of negotiations. A. Uruguay Round B. Malaysian Symposium C. German Round D. New Zealand Symposium E. Cancun Round 20. Which of the following was not an outcome of the Uruguay Round of the GATT? A. reduced trade barriers B. extended GATT to cover services as well as manufactured goods C. established the World Trade Organization D. provided extended protection for patents, trademarks, and copyrights E. reduced agricultural subsidies 21. If the Doha talks are ever completed, the biggest gain will come from what? A. trademarks B. agriculture C. intellectual property D. consumer goods E. manufactured goods 22. The acronym GATT stands for: A. Global Agreement on Taxation and Tariffs B. Global Association of Technology and Trade C. General Agreement on Taxation and Trademarks D. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade E. General Accord of Transportation and Trade 23. The agency established at the 1993 Uruguay Round to police the international trading system is the __________. A. Global Trade Enforcement Administration B. World Tariff and Trade Bureau C. International Trade Enforcement Agency D. World Trade Organization E. The European bank of Reconstruction and Development 24. Suppose Petro Canada, an international oil company, had a complaint about a trade issue. The __________, a governing body established at the Uruguay Round in 1993 to police the international trading system, is an organization that Petro Canada could take its complaint to. A. World Trade Organization B. International Trade Monitoring Bureau C. World Tariff and Trade Agency D. International Trade Monitoring Agency E. The United Nations 25. The acronym WTO stands for: A. Western Trade Organization B. World Tax Organization C. World Trade Organization D. World Tariff Organization E. World Trade Operations 26. In the past decades, many countries, in addition to reducing trade barriers, have done what? A. decreased production B. increased wages C. removed restrictions to FDI D. increased tariffs E. joined the United Nations 27. Since 1992, most of the world's changes to FDI have done what? A. blocked FDI B. created a more favourable environment for FDI C. had no impact on FDI D. decreased production E. decreased wealth 28. Since 1950, world trade has grown faster than what? A. world wage rates B. world population growth C. world income D. world output E. world housing production 29. Many of the changes that countries have made pertaining to foreign direct investment regulations have: A. made it harder for foreign companies to enter their markets B. made it easier for foreign companies to enter their markets C. had no effect on the ease upon which foreign companies can enter their markets Dmade it easier to foreign producers of raw materials to enter their markets but more difficult for foreign . producers of finished products to enter their markets E. prevented the expropriation of business assets by a foreign government 30. Which of the following statements is consistent with data from the World Trade Organization? A. the volume of world trade has grown faster than the volume of world output since the 1950s. B. the volume of world trade has grown slower than the volume of world output since the 1950s. C.the volume of world trade and the volume of world output have grown at approximately the same rate since the 1950s. D. the volume of world trade and the volume of world output have remained constant since the 1950s. E. the volume of world trade is inversely related to the growth of world output. 31. According to your text, between 1950 to 2000, as world trade expanded by 20 times, world output grew by about _______. A. 12 percent B. 1 percent C. 25 percent D. 6 ½ times E. 20 times 32. The average yearly outflow of FDI increased from about $25 billion in 1975 to a record of _______________ in 2007, though it has fallen more recently. A. $500 billion B. $73 billion C. $1 trillion D. $2 trillion E. $11 trillion 33. The steep drop in world trade occurred when? A. . B. . C. . D. . E. . 34. Between 1992 and 2010, the total flow of FDI from all countries increase by about _______. A. 2 times B. 3 times C. 6 times D. 7 times E. 9 times 35. The globalization of markets, the growth of world trade, and the increase in FDI has had what effect? ______________. A. a decrease in production B. a decrease in world trade C. companies find their home markets under attack from foreign competitors D. companies are reducing their profits E. companies are during to protectionist measures 36. Evidence suggests that FDI is playing a(n): A. decreasing role in the world economy B.increasing role in the world economy for services but a decreasing role in the world economy for manufactured goods C.increasing role in the world economy for manufactured goods but a decreasing role in the world economy for services D. increasing role in the world economy E. a limited role in the world economy 37. According to our textbook, the growing integration of the world economy is: A. increasing the intensity of competition within the home market of a company in a wide range of . manufacturing and service industries B. decreasing the intensity of global competition in manufacturing industries, and increasing the intensity . of domestic competition in services C. increasing the intensity of global competition in manufacturing industries, and decreasing the intensity . of domestic competition in services D.narrowing the scope of global competition in a wide range of service, commodity, and manufacturing industries EWidening the opportunities for competing with manufacturing companies within their home market and . narrowing the opportunities for competing with service companies in their home market. 38. Which of the following is a major cause for lowering the trade barriers of markets and production? A. Technological change B. Increased labour mobility C. Elastic demand D. Corporate greed E. Consumer demand 39. According to our textbook, the single most important technological innovation has been the development of the __________. A. telegraph B. microprocessor C. ocean container D. airplane E. telephone 40. _______ is the theory that predicts that the number of transistors on a computer chip doubles every 24 months. A. Brennan's Theorem B. Bailey's Law C. Moore's Law D. Ivan's Law E. Global Micro Accelerant (GMA) Law 41. According to your textbook, between 1930 and 1990, the cost of a three-minute phone call between New York and London fell from $244.65 to $3.32. This decrease can be mainly contributed to A. open communication between governments. B. the advent of the microprocessor. C. continuing efforts to globalize. D. high corporate ethical standards. E. the deregulation of the telecommunications industry. 42. As of 2014 the number of Internet users around the world exceeds what? A. 5 million B. 100 million C. 1 billion D. 3 billion E. 5 billion 43. According to our textbook, e-commerce retail sales are expected to reach _____ by 2018 in the United states alone. A. $1 billion B. $50 billion C. $500 billion D. $750 billion E. $1 trillion 44. The Web is viewed as a global what? A. equalizer B. way of decreasing production C. force for decreasing FDI D. way of reaching businesses at the expense of consumer E. way for government to market to its population 45. _______ was not mentioned in our textbook as major innovation in transportation technology. A. Commercial jet aircraft B. Super freighters C. E-commerce D. The introduction of containerization E. Both containerization and e-commerce were not mentioned 46. Due to containerization, the transportation costs associated with the globalization of production have: A. remained the same B. increased dramatically C. declined D. increased slightly E. reduced insurance costs 47. As a result of a variety of innovations, the real costs of information processing and communication have __________ over the past two decades. A. fallen slightly B. increased slightly C. remained constant D. fallen dramatically E. had no impact on the cost of international business 48. Although the characteristics of the global economy have changed dramatically over the past 50 years, as late as the 1960s all of the following demographic characteristics were true except: A. the U.S. dominated the world economy B. small, U.S. entrepreneurial firms dominated the international business scene C. the U.S. dominated the world foreign direct investment picture D. the U.S. was the world's largest industrial power E. the U.S. dominated world trade 49. Which country was the world's most dominant industry power was in the early 1960s? A. Japan B. The United Kingdom C. Germany D. The United States E. Canada 50. In 1960, the U.S. accounted for about _____ of world output as measured by GDP. A. 10.0% B. 23.0% C. 30.0% D. 38.3% E. 54.0% 51. In recent years, all of the following countries have seen their relative share of world output fall except: A. United States B. France C. Germany D. China E. United Kingdom 52. In 2013, the U.S.'s largest trade partner when it comes to exports from the United States was ___________________. A. United Kingdom B. Mexico C. China D. Canada E. South Korea 53. If we look into the future, most forecasts now predict a __________ in world output accounted for by developing nations such as China, India, Indonesia, and South Korea, and a __________ in the share enjoyed by rich industrialized countries such as Britain, Japan, and the United States. A. rapid rise; rapid decline B. slight rise; slight decline C. rapid decline; rapid rise D. rapid rise; slight decline E. stay the same; slight decline 54. The relative decline of the developed countries' share of world output _________________. A. will reduce the living standards of the citizens of developed countries. B. will increase competition for scarce resources and create political instability. C. reflects the growing economic and industrial strength of developing countries. D. will decrease prices but also reduce wages in Canada E. will decrease job opportunities in Canada 55. Which of the following is an example of a developing nation? A. Thailand B. Britain C. Japan D. United States E. Canada 56. According to your text, the World Bank estimates that today's developing nations may account for more than _______ percent of world economic activity by 2020. A. 35 B. 50 C. 55 D. 65 E. 60 57. _______ is not considered to be a "developing" nation. A. Brazil B. India C. China D. Japan E. Mexico 58. The foreign direct investment by non-U.S. firms was motivated primarily by the following two factors: A.the desire to disperse production activities to optimal locations; and the desire to build a direct presence in major foreign markets B.the desire to disperse production activities to optimal locations; and the desire to influence foreign exchange rates C.the desire to influence foreign exchange rates; and the desire to influence political developments in foreign countries D the desire to build a direct presence in major foreign markets; and the desire to influence political . developments in foreign countries E. the desire to reduce dependence on the United States and to increase direct access to markets 59. In the 1960s, what was then seen as an economic threat to Europe? A. The dominance of U.S. firms B. Technological innovations C. Low-cost transportation D. Low-cost global communication networks E. Reduction in trade barriers 60. Throughout the 1990s, the amount of investment directed at both developed and developing nations did what? A. stayed the same B. decreased C. increased D. was highly variable E. decreased, then increased 61. Among developing nations, the largest recipient of foreign direct investment has been which country? A. China B. India C. Japan D. Canada E. the United States 62. Since the 1960s, what has been a notable trend regarding multinational enterprises? A. the decline of the multinational enterprise B. the decline of the Canadian multinational enterprise C. the rise of non-U.S. multinationals D. the decline of the Japanese multinational enterprise E. the rise of U.S. multinationals 63. What kind of enterprise is a business that has productive activities in two or more countries? A. cross-cultural B. multinational C. varied-national D. diverse-national E. multi-domestic 64. Recently there has been _______ in the number of smaller firms that are multinationals. A. a significant growth B. no change C. a significant decline D. some growth E. some decline 65. General Electric Corporation has productive activities in a number of countries. As a result, it would be appropriate to refer to General Electric as a __________ corporation. A. transnational B. diverse-national C. cross-national D. multinational E. global 66. Iceculture Inc., of Ontario employs 40 people and exports around the world. It would be considered A. a multinational company. B. a transnational company. C. a cross-border national company. D. a mini-multinational. E. a U.S. dominated company. 67. Since the 1960s, there have been two notable trends in the demographics of the multinational enterprise. These two trends have been: A. the rise of non-U.S. multinationals and the disappearance of mini-multinationals B. the decline of non-U.S. multinationals and the decline of mini-multinationals C. the decline of non-U.S. multinationals and the growth of mini-multinationals D. the rise of non-U.S. multinationals and the growth of mini-multinationals E. the rise of U.S. multinationals and the growth of mini-multinationals 68. The economies of most of the former Communist countries can best be described as: A. in poor condition with high risk associated with doing business there B. steady growth, especially since 2009 C. dominated by multinationals D. robust and growing stronger E. closed to many international businesses due to high tariffs 69. Disturbing signs of growing unrest and totalitarian tendencies continue to be seen in many _______ states. A. Western European B. European C. Northern European D. Eastern European E. South American states 70. If China continues to grow at its current rate, by 2020 the average income per capita will be about $13,000, roughly equivalent to what country today? A. Canada B. United States C. Spain D. India E. Latin America 71. Which of the following statements is not true regarding the majority of Latin American countries? A. governments are selling state-owned enterprises to private investors B. foreign investment is welcome C. debt and inflation are down D. neither democracy nor free market reforms have seemed to take hold E. None of these answers is correct 72. The last quarter of the 20th century experienced __________ in the global economy. A. increased stability B. slow-moving C. virtually no changes D. rapid changes E. great concerns over potential disruptions 73. Economists argue that increased international trade and cross-border investments will result in __________ prices for goods and services. A. higher B. stable C. lower D. unstable E. variable 74. _______ is not a benefit of globalization. A. Lowering prices for goods B. Raising the incomes of consumers C. Slowing economic growth D. Helping to create jobs in all countries that choose to participate E. More leisure time 75. Economists, politicians, and business leaders believe that the _______ to international trade and investment is the engine driving the global economy toward greater prosperity. A. falling barriers B. cross-border investments C. U.N. policies D. trading barriers E. NAFTA 76. One frequently voiced concern about globalization is that it destroys manufacturing jobs in wealthy advanced economies such as Canada. The basic thrust of the critics' argument is: A.developing nations will recruit employees from the more advanced economies, thereby depleting their labour pools B globalization increases the pace of the shift from a world economy based on manufactured goods to a . world economy based on services C.falling trade barriers allows firms to move their manufacturing activities offshore to countries where wage rates are much lower Dthe governments of developing countries will heavily subsidize their primary industries, making . competing products produced in advanced economies less attractive E. Canadian workers are overpaid and the true value of a manufacturing job is much lower 77. Outsourcing has even extended to the Canadian _______ industry. A. auto B. mineral extraction C. services D. home construction E. lumber 78. Critics use the following argument to suggest that globalization is a contributing factor to an increase in pollution. A. globalization results in an increase in the amount of activity that takes place in companies that do not . have adequate pollution controls Bglobalization results in increased commerce between countries, which results in an increase in the . amount of transportation activity (e.g. trains, barges, air cargo, trucks, etc.) Cfirms that operate in countries that have adequate pollution regulations have a tendency to move their . manufacturing operations to countries that have less stringent or no pollution controls to avoid the cost of regulation D. globalization results in increased production, which has the undesirable side-effect of increased pollution E. people in developing countries are used to coping with more pollution 79. What does NAFTA stand for? A. North American Free Trade Agreement B. North Atlantic Free Trade Agency C. North American Federation of Trade Advocates D. National Alliance for Technology Advancement E. North American Federal Treaty Association 80. Many critics of globalization argue that outsourcing leads to increased use of _________ labour practices in developing countries. A. exploitive B. fair C. underground D. neo-colonialist E. non-competitive 81. What is the primary purpose of the World Trade Organization? A. arbitrate of trade disputes B.act as a "watchdog" for countries that lower their pollution standards in an effort to attract more foreign manufacturing activity C. set tariffs for countries that signed the GATT agreement D. monitor the implementation of trade agreements such as NAFTA E. reduce the number of job losses in member countries 82. Supranational organizations such as the WTO are criticized for A. interfering in the regulation of prices of a country's natural resources. B. ruling in favour of rich western countries at the expense of poor developing countries. C. focusing on economics and not on democracy and environmental responsibility. D. limiting its actions to what the WTO member states agree to. E. encouraging economic stagnation in poor countries so that rich countries can grow faster. 83. Managing an international business is different from managing a purely domestic business for all of the following reasons except: A. countries are different B. international transactions involve converting money into different currencies Cthe range of problems confronted by a manager in an international business are narrower than those . confronted by a manager in a domestic business Dan international business must find ways to work within the limits imposed by government intervention . in the international trade and investment system E. different languages have to be learned 84. The world's poorest nations have also faced __________. A. standardization B. alignment C. global simplification D. economic stagnation E. consumerization 85. The Tim Hortons case study is an example of what? A. how easily Canadian firms can enter the US market B. the similarity of Canadian and US consumer tastes C. Canadian firms buying up US firms D. protests against globalization E. the difficulty of Canadian firms expanding internationally 86. The global economy is moving progressively towards a world in which national economies are relatively isolated from each other. True False 87. The volume of goods, services and investment crossing national borders expanded faster than did world output every year during the last two decades of the 20th century. True False 88. Because of the global presence of widely accepted products like McDonalds, Coca-Cola, and Apple's iPod, national markets are disappearing. True False 89. To benefit from the globalization of markets, a company has to be a multinational firm. True False 90. Currently most global markets are for industrial goods and materials that serve a universal need the world over. True False 91. Currently most global markets are markets for consumer goods. True False 92. Although many companies have lowered their overall cost structure and have improved the quality of their products by dispersing their production activities to locations around the world, this activity is confined primarily to large firms. True False 93. Currently most global markets are markets for consumer goods. True False 94. Sourcing goods and services from locations around the globe is known as the globalization of markets. True False 95. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade is what the acronym GATT stands for. True False 96. As markets globalize and an increasing proportion of business activity transcends national borders, there is a need for institutions to help manage, regulate and police the global market place. True False 97. The International Monetary Fund and the World Bank were both created in 1944 by 44 nations that met at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire. True False 98. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is often seen as the leader of last resort to nation states whose economies are in economic turmoil. True False 99. In addition to reducing trade barriers, many countries have also been progressively removing restrictions on barriers to foreign direct investment. True False 100.The advanced nations of the East committed themselves after World War II to removing barriers to the free flow of goods, services, and capital between nations. True False 101.There is very little evidence that suggests that the lowering of trade barriers has facilitated the globalization of production. True False 102.The volume of world output has grown faster than the volume of world trade since the 1950s, according to data from the World Trade Organization. True False 103.Surprisingly, despite the importance of technology in our everyday lives, technological change has played only a minor role in the globalization of markets. True False 104.Most forecasts now predict a rapid rise in world output accounted for by developing nations such as China, India, and South Korea, and a rapid decline in the share enjoyed by rich industrialized countries such as Canada, Britain and the United States. True False 105.Many of tomorrow's economic opportunities may be found in the developing nations of the world. True False 106.In the 1960s global business activity was dominated by large Japanese multinational corporations. True False 107.Although most international trade and investment is still conducted by large firms, small to medium sized firms are increasingly involved in international trade and investment. True False 108.An MNE is any firm that invests outside of its home country. True False 109.Between 1995 and 2000 most countries in Eastern Europe saw their Communist governments collapse. True False 110.If what is occurring in China continues for two more decades, China may move from third-world to industrial superpower status even more rapidly than Japan did. True False 111.Economists argue that increased international trade and cross-border investments will result in higher prices for goods and services, although there are many benefits to globalization. True False 112.It is commonly believed that globalization stimulates economic growth, creates jobs, and raises income levels. True False 113.The financial crisis in Thailand shows one of the risks of globalization. True False 114.Some Canadian firms have outsourced jobs to developing countries. True False 115.Describe the concept of globalization. What are the major opportunities and challenges that globalization has created for business organization? 116.Describe the two main facets of globalization. Explain how each of these components of globalization has helped create the shift towards a more integrated world economy. 117.Describe the meaning of the term "trade barriers"? What measures have been taken by the world community to reduce the impact of trade barriers on international trade? 118.Describe the impact of the development of the World Wide Web on global commerce. 119.Define the term "foreign direct investment (FDI)." How does the term "foreign direct investment" differ from the term "international trade?" 120.Discuss the primary advantages and disadvantages of globalization. Do you believe the advantages outweigh the disadvantages? How can the effects of the disadvantages of globalization be reduced? 121.Country competitiveness is not something that is permanent or fixed. The dominant features of the global economy are the rapid changes relative economic and competitive status of different countries. Canada is not immune to these changes. We have seen our total share of the global economy decrease and the loss of many industries. The anti-globalization movement has been active in Canada. In particular they have been critical of multinational corporate power and argued against global and regional agreements on economic growth and the lowering of trade barriers. Others feel that globalization is inevitable and contributes to the well being of people around the world. a. Consider the overall impact of globalization on Canada from the perspective of a software developerhas it been positive or negative? Explain your answer. b. What kinds of strategies could a Canadian developer of software employ to reduce the negative impacts and take advantage of the positive aspects? Explain your answer. 122.Why is international trade important to Canada? 123.You manage a company that produces and sells cameras that work under water. The camera bodies are made in China, in a facility your company owns, and which employs about 500 people. The electronics for the camera are bought from a supplier in South Korea. The lens and optics are made in your own facility in Japan, which employs about 300 people. The final product is also assembled and packaged at this facility in Japan. Your company currently employs about 350 people in Canada (head office functions, advertising, legal, and sales). You are a successful company, in business for many years, and you hope to expand your sales around the globe. What is this type of company called? 124.You manage a company that produces and sells cameras that work under water. The camera bodies are made in China, in a facility your company owns, and which employs about 500 people. The electronics for the camera are bought from a supplier in South Korea. The lens and optics are made in your own facility in Japan, which employs about 300 people. The final product is also assembled and packaged at this facility in Japan. Your company currently employs about 350 people in Canada (head office functions, advertising, legal, and sales). You are a successful company, in business for many years, and you hope to expand your sales around the globe. What are some other examples of this type of firm? 125.You manage a company that produces and sells cameras that work under water. The camera bodies are made in China, in a facility your company owns, and which employs about 500 people. The electronics for the camera are bought from a supplier in South Korea. The lens and optics are made in your own facility in Japan, which employs about 300 people. The final product is also assembled and packaged at this facility in Japan. Your company currently employs about 350 people in Canada (head office functions, advertising, legal, and sales). You are a successful company, in business for many years, and you hope to expand your sales around the globe. What have been the two most notable trends in these type of enterprises since the 1960s? 126.You manage a company that produces and sells cameras that work under water. The camera bodies are made in China, in a facility your company owns, and which employs about 500 people. The electronics for the camera are bought from a supplier in South Korea. The lens and optics are made in your own facility in Japan, which employs about 300 people. The final product is also assembled and packaged at this facility in Japan. Your company currently employs about 350 people in Canada (head office functions, advertising, legal, and sales). You are a successful company, in business for many years, and you hope to expand your sales around the globe. What are the future prospects of smaller firms that operate as your firm does internationally. Why? 1 Key 1. D 2. C 3. D 4. D 5. D 6. D 7. A 8. C 9. A 10. C 11. D 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. B 16. D 17. C 18. B 19. A 20. E 21. B 22. D 23. D 24. A 25. C 26. C 27. B 28. D 29. B 30. A 31. D 32. D 33. E 34. E 35. C 36. D 37. A 38. A 39. B 40. C 41. B 42. D 43. C 44. A 45. C 46. C 47. D 48. B 49. D 50. D 51. D 52. D 53. A 54. C 55. A 56. E 57. D 58. A 59. A 60. C 61. A 62. C 63. B 64. A 65. D 66. D 67. D 68. A 69. D 70. C 71. D 72. D 73. C 74. C 75. A 76. C 77. C 78. C 79. A 80. A 81. A 82. C 83. C 84. D 85. E 86. FALSE 87. TRUE 88. TRUE 89. FALSE 90. TRUE 91. FALSE 92. FALSE 93. FALSE 94. FALSE 95. TRUE 96. TRUE 97. TRUE 98. TRUE 99. TRUE 100. FALSE 101. FALSE 102. FALSE 103. FALSE 104. TRUE 105. TRUE 106. FALSE 107. TRUE 108. FALSE 109. FALSE 110. TRUE 111. FALSE 112. TRUE 113. TRUE 114. TRUE 115. Globalization refers to a fundamental shift that is occurring in the world economy. The world is progressively moving away from a structure in which national economies are relatively isolated from each other, towards a structure in which national economies are merging into one huge interdependent global economic system. This trend is commonly referred to as globalization. The trend towards globalization is creating many opportunities for businesses to expand their revenues, drive down their costs, and boost their profits. For example, many Canadian firms are now exporting to previously closed foreign markets. By doing so, these firms are simultaneously expanding their sales and driving down their costs through additional economies of scale. Globalization has also created challenges for business organizations. For example, managers now have to grapple with a wide range of globalization related issues. Examples of these issues include: should we export, should we build a plant in a foreign country, should we modify our products to suite the tastes of each of our foreign customers, and how do we respond to foreign competition? These questions often do not have easy answers, but are very important to the future competitiveness of business organizations. 116. The two main components of globalization are the globalization of markets and the globalization of production. The globalization of markets refers to the fact that in many industries historically distinct and separate national markets are merging into one huge global marketplace. The globalization of production refers to the tendency among many firms to source goods and services from different locations around the world in an attempt to take advantage of national differences in the cost and quality of factors of production (such as labour, energy, and capital). Both of these components of globalization have helped create the shift towards a more integrated world economy. The globalization of markets has created a "global" interest in many products, such as Coca-Cola, the Apple iPhones, and Levi jeans. This "sharing of interest" in products across national borders has facilitated the trend towards a more integrated world economy. The globalization of production has resulted in a substantial increase in the number of business relationships between companies from different countries. This increase in the number and intensity of interrelationships between companies from different countries has also facilitated the trend towards a more integrated world economy. 117. Trade barriers are the regulations, tariffs, and other activities that are put in place by governments for the purpose of protecting their domestic industries from "foreign competition." For example, a country may impose a stiff tariff on the import of foreign produced automobiles. That makes it very difficult (i.e., creates a substantial barrier) for foreign produced cars to be sold in their country. The world community has taken a number of measures to not only lessen the impact of trade barriers on international trade, but to remove trade barriers altogether. The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) has been an ongoing effort to remove and reduce trade barriers worldwide. Under the umbrella of GATT, there have been eight rounds of negotiations among member states, designed to lower and/or reduce all forms of trade barriers. To provide the GATT treaty some teeth, the recently completed Uruguay Round of GATT established the World Trade Organization (WTO) which polices the international trading system. Although the WTO cannot compel a nation to comply with the GATT treaty, it can recommend that other member nations impose sanctions on the offending party. Other business organizations, governments, trade groups, and not-for-profit organizations are working hard to reduce and remove trade barriers. The Doha and Cancun rounds have focused on the question of agricultural subsidies used by developed countries to support their farmers. These agricultural subsidies have made it almost impossible for developing country farmers to compete. 118. Viewed globally, the Web is emerging as the great equalizer. There is no geography on the Web and costs to provide extensive information and product offerings are low when compared to other more traditional means of doing business. It is a powerful dislocating force that rolls back some constraints of location, scale, and time zones. The Web allows businesses, both small and large, to expand their global presence at a lower cost than ever before. 119. Foreign direct investment occurs when a firm invests resources in business activities outside its home country. For example, a Canadian firm may invest in a production facility in Italy. International trade occurs when a firm exports goods or services to consumers in another country. The difference between the terms is that the term "international trade" does not necessarily mean that a firm is investing resources in business activities outside its home country the firm could be simply exporting domestically produced products to a foreign country. 120. There are many advantages of globalization. From a broad perspective, globalization creates economic activity (which stimulates economic growth), creates jobs, raises income levels, and provides consumers with more choices in regard to the products and services that are available to them. From the perspective of an individual firm, globalization has the potential to increase revenues (through expanded market potential), drive down costs (through additional economies of scale), and boost profits. Conversely, critics argue that globalization destroys manufacturing jobs in wealthy countries and contributes to pollution. In regard to destroying manufacturing jobs, the basic thrust of the critics' argument is that falling trade barriers allow firms in industrialized countries to move their manufacturing activities offshore to countries where wage rates are much lower. This activity, if it occurs, has the undesirable side-effect of eliminating manufacturing jobs in the industrialized country. In regard to pollution, the critics of globalization argue that globalization encourages firms from advanced nations to move manufacturing facilities offshore to less developed countries to avoid the more stringent pollution controls in place in their home countries. This activity increases worldwide pollution. The final section of the question is designed to encourage classroom discussion and/or to encourage students to "think" about how these undesirable side-effects of globalization can be reduced. 121. There are many advantages of globalization. From a broad perspective, globalization creates economic activity (which stimulates economic growth), creates jobs, raises income levels, and provides consumers with more choices in regard to the products and services that are available to them. From the perspective of an individual firm, globalization has the potential to increase revenues (through expanded market potential), drive down costs (through additional economies of scale), and boost profits. Conversely, critics argue that globalization destroys manufacturing jobs in wealthy countries and contributes to pollution. In regard to destroying manufacturing jobs, the basic thrust of the critics' argument is that falling trade barriers allow firms in industrialized countries to move their manufacturing activities offshore to countries where wage rates are much lower. This activity, if it occurs, has the undesirable side-effect of eliminating manufacturing jobs in the industrialized country. In regard to pollution, the critics of globalization argue that globalization encourages firms from advanced nations to move manufacturing facilities offshore to less developed countries to avoid the more stringent pollution controls in place in their home countries. This activity increases worldwide pollution. The final section of the question is designed to encourage classroom discussion and/or to encourage students to "think" about how these undesirable side-effects of globalization can be reduced. 122. Canada's exports contribute about 40% of our GDP. We have a trade surplus overall meaning we are exporting more than we are importing. Many jobs and FDI are dependent upon international trade. Canada needs international trade in order to maintain its standard of living. However, Canada's standard of living has been decreasing relative to the United States and unless Canada begins to increase their productivity and international sales, the standard of living will continue to decrease. 123. It is a multinational enterprise. A multinational enterprise is any business that has productive activities in two or more countries. 124. There are many multinational enterprises, including General Motors, Sony, General Electric, Exxon, and Toyota. 125. The two most notable trends in multinational enterprises since the 1960s have been (1) the rise of non-U.S. multinationals; and (2) the growth of mini-multinationals. Mini-multinationals are small and medium-sized international firms. The role of these firms is likely to gain momentum in the future. 126. Many small and medium-sized companies are becoming increasingly involved in international trade, in a variety of different contexts. As these companies expand their international activities, they will increasingly take their place as mini-multinationals on the world stage. 1 Summary Category # of Questions Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 114 Difficulty: Easy 33 Difficulty: Hard 32 Difficulty: Medium 61 Hill - Chapter 01 126 2 Student: ___________________________________________________________________________ 1. According to the opening case, what caused the economic turnaround in Ghana? A. the country's dependence on cash crops B. the domination of the economy by state-owned enterprises C. the government adopting a socialist ideology D. military coups E. a liberalized economy 2. Collectively, we refer to political, economic, and legal systems as constituting the _______ economy of a country. A. domestic B. civic C. administrative D. political E. governing 3. Political systems can be assessed according to two related dimensions: A. the degree to which they emphasize individualism opposed to totalitarian and the degree to which they . are individualistic verses democratic Bthe degree to which they are market orientated opposed to production orientated and the degree to . which they are democratic verses individualistic Cthe degree to which they emphasize social democracy opposed to communism and the degree to which . they emphasize collectivism opposed to individualism D the degree to which they emphasize collectivism opposed to individualism and the degree to which . they are democratic or totalitarian Ethe degree to which they emphasize capitalism as opposed to communism and the degree to which they . emphasize cultural freedom as opposed to cultural monitoring 4. The two dimensions of political systems are interrelated; systems that emphasize _______ tend towards totalitarianism, while systems that place a high value on _______ tend to be democratic. A. individualism; collectivism B. collectivism; individualism C. socialism; individualism D. individualism; socialism E. theocracy; capitalism 5. __________ refers to a system that stresses the primacy of collective goals over individual goals. A. Collectivism B. Capitalism C. Individualism D. Totalitarian E. Democracy 6. When __________ is practiced, the needs of society as a whole are generally viewed as being more important than individual freedoms. A. totalitarianism B. collectivism C. individualism D. capitalism E. theocracy 7. _______ is consistent with the notion that an individual's right to do something may be restricted because it runs counter to "the good of society" or "the common good." A. Totalitarian B. Collectivism C. Autocratic D. Capitalism E. Platonism 8. Modern __________ trace their intellectual roots to Karl Marx. A. Separatists B. Capitalists C. Individualists D. Socialists E. Federalists 9. The group that believed that socialism could be achieved only through violent revolution and totalitarian dictatorship were referred to as: A. Communists B. Fascists C. Political democrats D. Collectivists E. Mensheviks 10. Followers of socialist ideology who commit themselves to achieving socialism through democratic reforms are called: A. Communists B. Social democrats C. Individualists D. Political democrats E. New democrats 11. The communist version of socialism reached its high point in the late ________. A. 1940s. B. 1950s. C. 1960s. D. 1970s. E. 1980s 12. What country is the last major Communist power left? A. Russia B. China C. Vietnam D. North Korea E. Cuba 13. Social democracy has had its greatest influence in the following group of countries: A. Canada, United States, Mexico, and Spain B. India, Pakistan, Burma, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Bhutan C. Brazil, Chile, Uruguay, Ecuador, Columbia, and French Guiana D. Australia, Britain, France, Germany, Norway, Spain, and Sweden E. Australia, Columbia, Venezuela, Cambodia, Brazil 14. Experience has demonstrated that state ownership of the means of production: A. often runs in parallel with the public interest B. is the most profitable way to organize production C. is the most efficient way to organize production D. often runs counter to the public interest E. leads to increased inefficiency, higher prices and higher taxes 15. Which of the following definitions best describes the concept of individualism? A. Political system in which an individual is governed by laws created to limit corruption and exploitation. B.Political system in which government is by the people, exercised either directly or through elected representatives. C. Political system that stresses the primacy of collective goals over individual goals. DForm of government in which one person or political party exercises absolute control over all spheres of . human life and in which opposing political parties are prohibited. E. Political philosophy that an individual should have freedom over his or her economic and political pursuits. 16. Which of the following can be traced to an ancient Greek philosopher, Aristotle? A. collectivism B. individualism C. socialism D. totalitarianism E. theocracy 17. In contrast to collectivism, __________ stresses that the interests of the individual should take precedence over the interests of the state. A. totalitarianism B. socialism C. individualism D. collectivism E. tribalism 18. Individualism is built on two central themes: A.socialism is the preferred political philosophy and an emphasis on the importance of collective interests over individual interests Ban emphasis on the importance of collective interests over individual interests and the belief that the . welfare of society is best served by letting a collective body determine what is in society's best interest rather than individuals Cthe needs of society as a whole are more important than individual freedoms and the welfare of society . is best served by letting a collective body determine what is in society's best interest rather than individuals D. the public good is more important than corporate profits and the people exist to serve the state Ean emphasis on the importance of guaranteeing individual freedom and self expression and the belief . that the welfare of society is best served by letting people pursue their own economic self-interest 19. The Cold War was essentially a war between __________, championed by the now-defunct Soviet Union, and __________, championed by the United States. A. collectivism; individualism B. democracy; socialism C. socialism; totalitarianism D. individualism; collectivism E. Stalinism; Reaganism 20. Which of the following is the political system in which government is by the people, exercised either directly or through elected representatives? A. despotism B. democracy C. totalitarianism D. collectivism E. tribalism 21. __________ is a form of government in which one person or political party exercises absolute control over all spheres of human life, and opposing political parties are prohibited. A. Capitalism B. Totalitarianism C. Democracy D. Collectivism E. Theocracy 22. _______ go "hand in hand." A. Anarchy and individualism B. Collectivism and individualism C. Totalitarianism and democracy D. Democracy and collectivism E. Democracy and individualism 23. A political system in which citizens periodically elect individuals to represent them is referred to as a __________. A. participatory collective B. totalitarianism democracy C. representative democracy D. socialistic democracy E. parliamentary democracy 24. In a representative democracy, if elected representatives fail to perform their job adequately, what will happen? A. a socialist democracy will take over B. a federalist republic will take over C. a collectivist federation will take over D. they will be voted out of office in the next election E. they will hold their offices for life 25. To guarantee that elected representatives can be held accountable for their actions by the electorate, an ideal representative democracy has a number of safeguards. Which of the following is not an example of a safeguard in an ideal representative democracy? A. a fair court system that is independent from the political system B. universal adult suffrage C. an individual's right to freedom of expression, opinion, and organization D. a political police force and armed services E. regular elections 26. _______ is a form of totalitarianism that advocates achieving socialism through totalitarian dictatorship. A. Tribal totalitarianism B. Democratic totalitarianism C. Communist totalitarianism D. Collective totalitarianism E. Theocratic totalitarianism 27. There are four major forms of totalitarianism in the world today. These are: A. collective, Marxist, right-wing, and ancestral B. theocratic, democratic, tribal, and communist C. communist, theocratic, tribal, and right-wing D. ancestral, Marxist, left-wing, and compiled E. tribal, Maoist, right-wing, and dictatorial 28. All of the following are forms of totalitarianism except: A. right-wing B. ancestral C. theocratic D. tribal E. communistic 29. A form of totalitarianism in which political power is monopolized by a party, group, or individual that governs according to religious principles is called __________. A. right-wing totalitarianism B. theocratic totalitarianism C. ancestral totalitarianism D. tribal totalitarianism E. fundamental totalitarianism 30. In which region of the world is tribal totalitarianism found? A. Africa B. Australia C. South America D. Asia E. Central America 31. Right-wing __________ generally permits individual economic freedom, but restricts individual political freedom on the grounds that it would lead to a rise of communism. A. socialism B. collectivism C. capitalism D. totalitarianism E. tribalism 32. Which of the following are the three broad types of economic systems? A. market economy, combined economy, production economy B. market economy, post-industrial economy, industrial economy C. combined economy, separate economy, mixed economy D. ordinance economy, production economy, political economy E. market economy, command economy, mixed economy 33. All of the following are types of economic systems except: A. market economy B. command economy C. mixed economy D. progressive economy E. none of the answers are an example of a type of economic system 34. In a pure __________ economy the good and services that a country products, and the quantity in which they are produced, is not planned by anyone. Rather it is determined by the interaction of supply and demand and signalled to producers through the price system. A. ordinance B. market C. command D. combined E. free 35. In a pure command economy the goods and services that a country produces, the quantity in which they are produced, and the prices at which they are sold are all planned by: A. private industry B. local trade associations C. individual entrepreneurs D. the government E. citizen committees 36. A _______ is an economic system in which the goods and services produced, the quantity in which they are produced, and the prices at which they are sold are all planned by the government. A. civic economy B. administrative economy C. command economy D. market economy E. post-industrial economy 37. In a pure __________ economy all businesses are state owned so the government can direct them to make investments that are in the best interests of the nation as a whole, rather than in the interest of private individuals. A. command B. mixed C. market D. state-directed E. new 38. In a __________ economy, certain sectors of the economy are left to private ownership and free market mechanisms, while in other sectors there is significant state ownership and government planning. A. command B. combined C. mixed D. political E. socialist 39. What kind of economies were once very common throughout much of the world, although they are becoming less so? A. mixed B. state-directed C. command D. market E. regulated 40. Canada could be described as having elements of both a __________ economy and a ___________ economy. A. command; mixed B. mixed; regional C. market; regional D. command; regional E. market; mixed 41. The __________ is influenced by the prevailing political system. A. corporate system B. economic system C. technological system D. market system E. democratic 42. The _______________ system evolved in England over hundreds of years and is based on tradition, precedent, and custom. A. civil B. theocratic C. common law D. economic law E. contract law 43. A _______________ law system is based on a very detailed set of laws organized into codes. A. judicial B. theocratic C. common D. traditional E. civil 44. A law system that is based primarily on religious teachings, refers to a A. civil law system. B. theocratic law system. C. common law system. D. traditional law system. E. canon law system. 45. Quebec is the only province in Canada to use the _____________ law system. A. common B. French C. canon D. civil E. judicial 46. Phillip is in the process of writing up a document that states his company will provide consulting on network applications for the next two weeks, for a specified amount of money. Phillip is in the process of creating what? A. a contract B. a contract law C. property law D. private action suit E. a memorandum of understanding 47. The parties to an agreement normally resort to _______________ when one party feels the other has violated either the letter of the spirit of the agreement. A. property law B. arbitration C. third-party mediator D. contract law E. the courts 48. The _________________ establishes a uniform set of rules governing certain aspects of the making and performance of everyday commercial contracts between sellers and buyers. A. United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods B. The foreign practices act C. State directed economy D. The United Nations Human Development E. The Canadian Government 49. The __________ of a country refers to the rules that regulate behaviour, along with the processes by which the laws of a country are enforced and through which redress for grievances is obtained. A. political system B. administrative system C. economic structure D. legal system E. ethical system 50. The bundle of legal rights over the use to which a resource is put; and over the use made of any income that may be derived form that resource are called __________ rights. A. statutory B. asset C. taxable D. property E. users 51. The violation of _______________ can be violated in two ways—through private action and through public action. A. patents B. copyrights C. warrants D. property rights E. individual rights 52. The Canadian legislation that makes bribery of a foreign official by a Canadian business person a criminal offense is known as what? A. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act B. Copyright infringement C. Corruption Perceptions Index D. Law OECD 1998 E. Bill S-21 53. Which of the following describes the concept of intellectual property? A. Exclusive legal rights of authors, composers, playwrights, artists, and publishers to publish and dispose . of their work as they see fit. BProperty, such as computer software, screenplays, musical scores, or chemical formulas for new drugs, . that is the product of intellectual activity. C.Designs and names, often officially registered, by which merchants or manufacturers designate and differentiate their products. D.Document giving the inventor of a new product or process exclusive rights to the manufacturer, use, or sales of that invention. E. Property that can be digitized and copied 54. Suppose you invent a new product and want to obtain the exclusive rights to manufacture the product. To protect yourself, you should apply for a __________ on the product. A. trust B. patent C. copyright D. trademark E. logo 55. Suppose Blackberry corporation develops a new type of phone. Blackberry can protect its invention through what kind of protection? A. warrant B. patent C. copyright D. trademark E. contract 56. __________ are the exclusive legal rights of authors, composers, playwrights, artists, and publishers to publish and dispose of their work as they see fit. A. Patents B. Copyrights C. Trusts D. Licenses E. Franchises 57. A composer is able to protect an original musical score from being copied and sold by someone else through __________ protection. A. patent B. warrant C. trademark D. copyright E. logo 58. __________ are designs and names, often officially registered, by which merchants or manufacturers designate and differentiate their products. A. Copyrights B. Patents C. Warrants D. Trademarks E. Logos 59. As a result of __________ protection, the Nike "swoosh" logo is protected from being used by any other shoe manufacturer. A. logo B. copyright C. patent D. warrant E. trademark 60. Patents, copyrights, and trademarks are examples of __________ property laws. A. intellectual B. administrative C. official D. central E. individual 61. "Windows" is a computer operating system that is an exclusive __________ of the Microsoft corporation. A. sticker B. hallmark C. registry D. trademark E. brand 62. _______________ to violate property rights refers to theft, piracy, and blackmail. A. Patents B. Public action C. Warrants D. Private action E. Public Patents 63. When public officials such as politicians and government bureaucrats, extort income or resources from property holders, this can be described as a(n) A. patents. B. public action. C. warrants. D. private action. E. nationalization 64. In the United States, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act was passed during the _______ following revelations that U.S. companies had bribed government officials in foreign countries in an attempt to win lucrative contracts. A. 1990s B. 1980s C. 1970s D. 1960s E. 1950s 65. In Canada, the Bill S-21 was passed during the _______ following a meeting with G7 leaders that endorsed the OECDs call to end bribery of foreign officials. A. 1997 B. 1987 C. 1999 D. 1979 E. 1991 66. Bill S-21 does what? A. Increases GNP B. Protects copyrights C. Protects trademarks D. Makes bribery a crime E. Increases PPP 67. An important international agreement signed by 187 countries to protect intellectual property, was called the A. Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property. B. Paris Convention on Human Development. C. Paris Convention for the Protection of Intellectual Property. D. Paris Convention for the Development of Intellectual Innovation. E. Paris Convention for Related Aspects of Intellectual Rights. 68. When businesses feel that their intellectual property has been violated, they can lobby governments or they can do what? A. apply to TRIPS B. apply Bill S-21 C. look at IPRs D. ask for a WTO ruling E. file lawsuits on their own behalf 69. Generally speaking, international laws about intellectual property rights are _______. A. Not part of TRIPS B. Not affected by the lobbying of specific firms C. Roughly the same as they were two decades ago D. Being weakened E. Being strengthened 70. _______________ set certain safety standards to which a product must adhere. A. Turnout safety laws B. Product liability laws C. Product safety laws D. Contract liability laws E. Civil laws 71. __________ liability involves holding a firm and its officers responsible when a product causes injury, death, or damage. A. Turnout B. Contract C. Product D. Outcome E. Business 72. _______________ allows for a more direct comparison of living standards in different countries. A. PPP B. UPN C. EOC D. IOF 73. GNP is increasingly being replaced by ______. A. PPP B. Atlas conversion C. GNI D. Atlas methodo