karl marx (1818-83) and friedrich engles (1820-95)
Human nature
Writings
. Believed humans were social and economic beings
Aided by his collaborator Engles,
.human nature had been contaminated by capitalism- which encouraged selfishness,
marx proposed a series of
ruthlessness and greed
revolutionary ideas. Works like
. They argued that capitalism had instilled in mankind a ‘false consciousness’ of bourgeois
‘the communist manifesto’
values, far removed from mankinds original nature
(1848) and ‘das kapital’
. A non-capitalist system would revive the true human nature
(1867)remain essential reading
. Revolutionary socialism will repair this
for any student of political
. Believe human nature is susceptible to whichever economic system it lives under
science
Society
. Argued that capitalism created two conflicted economic classes: the bourgeoisie (in effect the ruling class, which owned
and managed the economy) and the proletariat (in effect, the working class, which sold its labour to the bourgeoisie in
return for wages)- class politics
.also argued that class differences were toxic, involving harsh inequalities in wealth and power, and the exploitation of the
proletariat
. For this reason, capitalist societies were also unstable and would, eventually, be overthrown by an ‘historically inevitable’
proletarian revolution
. Focus on equality of outcome- equality of opportunity-do not believe everyone is born identical- marx reflects this in his
communist theory of distribution- ‘from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs’
. Marxists and communists believe in absolute social equality, brought about by the abolition of private property and
collectivization (common ownership)of productive wealth
. A communist society will remove class politics and be the end of history
,Karl marx (1818-83) and friedrich engles (1820-95)
The state
The economy
.without a srong state a fairer, more equal society is not
. Equality of opportunity was not a possibility due to the inequalities
possible
between social classes, due to the economic system
. This is especially true in the short term- redistribution of
. Social class is therefore as a result of the economic system
wealth and social justice requires an expansive state
. Society cannot be fixed until the economic system is addressed
. All socialists believe that for the short term- a strong state is
. Free market capitalsim creates huge inequalities of outcome- which does
essential. It must be a certain type if state- not the absolutist
not allow for social justice
state that came before the enlightenment
. Property is seen as unjust- wealth is produced by collective effort (labour)-
. Marx and engels signal the inevitability of revolution to
should be owned by the community
overturn the capitalist system- led by the proletaraiat- even
. Redistribution doctrine- an economy that provides greater distribution of
such ideas as this require the short term intervention of a state
resources and redistribution of wealth- how this will happen: rejection of
. The existing liberal bourgeois state is a tool of the dominant
laissez-faire capitalism; demand greater collectivism; economic collectivism
capitalist class, it must be destroyed by revolution and replaced
and common ownership (can takee many forms)
with a new socialist state: the dicatorship of the proletariat
. Private property abloished and replaced with common ownership, or the
. According to marx and communist thinkers the state would
right to property be balanced against the interests of the community.
eventually ‘wither away’- marx describes this process as ‘the
. Fundamentalist socialists like marx and engels sought the abolition of
end of history’
private property and the creation of a classless, communist society in place
. The state would wither away once socialist values had been
of capitalism; property is to be owner collectively
embedded- this would be replaced by communism
. Capitalism is corrupt, inefficient and ultimately slef-destructive. It will be
. Communism would involve a stateless society- common
replaced by an economy based on collective ownership
ownership and the principle of ‘from each according to his
. Surplus value would implant in capitalism ‘the seeds of its own destruction’
ability to each according to his needs’
by nurturing resentful class consciousness among workers, who would
. This end stage has never occurred- the ideas of the
eventually overthrow capitalism via revolution
dictatorship of the proletariat however- justified oppressive
political systems in the ussr and china
, Rosa luxemburg (1871-1919) The state
Human nature . The existing capitalist state must be destroyed by
. Accepted the view of marx in that capitalism was at odds with revolution, but one arising from strike action. The
human nature (natural fraternal instincts) replacement state should be a genuine democracy,
. Justified a revolution was needed and evolutionary socialism was complete with free speech and free elections
. Believed that lenin’s support for a revolution led by the
impossible
leadership of the vanguard elite was wrong
. Did not accept humans were as dangered by capitalism as marx . She supported a spontaneos revolution- mass strike action
claimed, fraternity and altruism still exist in working class would erupt and the capitalist state would be overthrown.
communities- class communities punished by capitalist economics . Rejected the marxist-leninist idea of revolution leading to a
dictatorship of the proletariat
Society . Supported the immediate construction of a new
democracy- founded by common ownership, opem debates
Capitalist society is class-ridden and morally indefensible, yet and elections
alternative societies, or sub-cultures, exist within downtrodden . She was therefore closer to marx than lenin in many ways.
proletarian communities She believed in marx’s internationalism- dismissing a focus
on socialist nationalism
.she supported the trasnational character of capitalism and
The economy proletarian interests
. Capitalism is more resilient than marx allowed. It is necessary . Socialisy revolution should be a revolt against capitalism
destruction, and replaced by an economy based on workers control, and nationalism globally. Groups like the International
will require determination and solidarity among the proletariat Socialist League still support this
. Luxemburg in practice actually helped to establish the
German Communist Party (KPD)- she sought election to
advoacte her revolutionary views to the proletariat
Human nature
Writings
. Believed humans were social and economic beings
Aided by his collaborator Engles,
.human nature had been contaminated by capitalism- which encouraged selfishness,
marx proposed a series of
ruthlessness and greed
revolutionary ideas. Works like
. They argued that capitalism had instilled in mankind a ‘false consciousness’ of bourgeois
‘the communist manifesto’
values, far removed from mankinds original nature
(1848) and ‘das kapital’
. A non-capitalist system would revive the true human nature
(1867)remain essential reading
. Revolutionary socialism will repair this
for any student of political
. Believe human nature is susceptible to whichever economic system it lives under
science
Society
. Argued that capitalism created two conflicted economic classes: the bourgeoisie (in effect the ruling class, which owned
and managed the economy) and the proletariat (in effect, the working class, which sold its labour to the bourgeoisie in
return for wages)- class politics
.also argued that class differences were toxic, involving harsh inequalities in wealth and power, and the exploitation of the
proletariat
. For this reason, capitalist societies were also unstable and would, eventually, be overthrown by an ‘historically inevitable’
proletarian revolution
. Focus on equality of outcome- equality of opportunity-do not believe everyone is born identical- marx reflects this in his
communist theory of distribution- ‘from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs’
. Marxists and communists believe in absolute social equality, brought about by the abolition of private property and
collectivization (common ownership)of productive wealth
. A communist society will remove class politics and be the end of history
,Karl marx (1818-83) and friedrich engles (1820-95)
The state
The economy
.without a srong state a fairer, more equal society is not
. Equality of opportunity was not a possibility due to the inequalities
possible
between social classes, due to the economic system
. This is especially true in the short term- redistribution of
. Social class is therefore as a result of the economic system
wealth and social justice requires an expansive state
. Society cannot be fixed until the economic system is addressed
. All socialists believe that for the short term- a strong state is
. Free market capitalsim creates huge inequalities of outcome- which does
essential. It must be a certain type if state- not the absolutist
not allow for social justice
state that came before the enlightenment
. Property is seen as unjust- wealth is produced by collective effort (labour)-
. Marx and engels signal the inevitability of revolution to
should be owned by the community
overturn the capitalist system- led by the proletaraiat- even
. Redistribution doctrine- an economy that provides greater distribution of
such ideas as this require the short term intervention of a state
resources and redistribution of wealth- how this will happen: rejection of
. The existing liberal bourgeois state is a tool of the dominant
laissez-faire capitalism; demand greater collectivism; economic collectivism
capitalist class, it must be destroyed by revolution and replaced
and common ownership (can takee many forms)
with a new socialist state: the dicatorship of the proletariat
. Private property abloished and replaced with common ownership, or the
. According to marx and communist thinkers the state would
right to property be balanced against the interests of the community.
eventually ‘wither away’- marx describes this process as ‘the
. Fundamentalist socialists like marx and engels sought the abolition of
end of history’
private property and the creation of a classless, communist society in place
. The state would wither away once socialist values had been
of capitalism; property is to be owner collectively
embedded- this would be replaced by communism
. Capitalism is corrupt, inefficient and ultimately slef-destructive. It will be
. Communism would involve a stateless society- common
replaced by an economy based on collective ownership
ownership and the principle of ‘from each according to his
. Surplus value would implant in capitalism ‘the seeds of its own destruction’
ability to each according to his needs’
by nurturing resentful class consciousness among workers, who would
. This end stage has never occurred- the ideas of the
eventually overthrow capitalism via revolution
dictatorship of the proletariat however- justified oppressive
political systems in the ussr and china
, Rosa luxemburg (1871-1919) The state
Human nature . The existing capitalist state must be destroyed by
. Accepted the view of marx in that capitalism was at odds with revolution, but one arising from strike action. The
human nature (natural fraternal instincts) replacement state should be a genuine democracy,
. Justified a revolution was needed and evolutionary socialism was complete with free speech and free elections
. Believed that lenin’s support for a revolution led by the
impossible
leadership of the vanguard elite was wrong
. Did not accept humans were as dangered by capitalism as marx . She supported a spontaneos revolution- mass strike action
claimed, fraternity and altruism still exist in working class would erupt and the capitalist state would be overthrown.
communities- class communities punished by capitalist economics . Rejected the marxist-leninist idea of revolution leading to a
dictatorship of the proletariat
Society . Supported the immediate construction of a new
democracy- founded by common ownership, opem debates
Capitalist society is class-ridden and morally indefensible, yet and elections
alternative societies, or sub-cultures, exist within downtrodden . She was therefore closer to marx than lenin in many ways.
proletarian communities She believed in marx’s internationalism- dismissing a focus
on socialist nationalism
.she supported the trasnational character of capitalism and
The economy proletarian interests
. Capitalism is more resilient than marx allowed. It is necessary . Socialisy revolution should be a revolt against capitalism
destruction, and replaced by an economy based on workers control, and nationalism globally. Groups like the International
will require determination and solidarity among the proletariat Socialist League still support this
. Luxemburg in practice actually helped to establish the
German Communist Party (KPD)- she sought election to
advoacte her revolutionary views to the proletariat
