Hcmg Exam 1 Review Questions Rated 100% Correct Answers!!,Hcmg Exam 2 (2024) Latest Questions With Complete Solutions, Graded A+,Hcmg Final Exam 102 Questions With All Passed Solutions!!,Hcmg Final Study Questions With Complete Solutions!!,Hcmg Midterm Ex

HCMG Final Exam
What is a Health Care System - ANS>>An organization of people, institutions and
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb



resources that deliver healthcare services to meet the health needs of target
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb



populations.
bb




Biomedical Model - ANS>>Presupposes the existence of illness/disease thereby
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb



emphasizing clinical diagnosis and medical intervention in the treatment of disease.
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb




Health Interventions - ANS>>Strategies to improve Health
bb bb bb bb bb bb



-School nutrition programs bb bb



-patient safety protocols bb bb



-community-based partnerships bb



-care coordination
bb




Fundamental Theories for health care distribution - ANS>>Market- individual
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb



responsibility for health
bb bb bb



Social- shared responsibility for health
bb bb bb bb




Preindustrial Era - ANS>>-few medical school & hospitals bb bb bb bb bb bb bb



-Apprenticeships
-trade w/out prestigebb bb



-no tools or antisepsis
bb bb bb



-medical care mainly in households bb bb bb bb




PostIndustrial Era - ANS>>-XRAYs discovered 1895 bb bb bb bb bb



-cities more centralized
bb bb



-lay people could no longer deliver medical care
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb



-fewer house calls bb bb



-PROFESSIONALIZATION of healthcare bb bb




Flexner Report - ANS>>Examination of medical schools. Closure of a lot of schools
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb



came about.
bb bb




Medicare - ANS>>One of the largest sources of public health insurance. Serves
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb



people over 65, disabled and people with End stage Renal disease.
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb




Medicare Part A - ANS>>Social Security funds to finance hospital care
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb




Medicare Part B - ANS>>covers physician services
bb bb bb bb bb bb




Medicaid - ANS>>The third largest source of health insurance in the US. provides
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb



coverage for low-income adults, children and elderly and individuals with disabilities.
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb




Blue Cross - ANS>>hospital insurance
bb bb bb bb




Blue Shield - ANS>>physican fees (both merges in the 1970's)
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb

, HCMG Final Exam
Corporate Era - ANS>>-1970's to present bb bb bb bb bb



-Managed care- control physician and hospital fees bb bb bb bb bb bb



-Integrated delivery system bb bb



-Information revolutions(telemedicine, e-health) bb bb



-Globilization-crossborder activities bb




3 Cornerstones of Healthcare delivery - ANS>>-High in COST
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb



-Unequal in ACCESS bb bb



-Average in QUALITY bb bb




3 Reasons for High Health Care Costs - ANS>>1- Growth of technology- inexpensive
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb



technology makes people live longer.
bb bb bb bb bb



2- Increased Elderly Population- Elderly consume more health care costs than the
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb



general population
bb bb



3- Multipayer system & Administrative Costs- its takes a lot of time and effort to keep
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb



up with all payers, single payer would cut administrative costs.
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb




Ways to contain costs - ANS>>-EHRs should make it easier to share information
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb



between physicians
bb bb



-A new focus on prevention and chronic disease management should keep costs from
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb



rising
bb



-ACA

Moral Hazard - ANS>>consumer behavior that leads to higher utilization of health
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb



care services when services are covered by insurance.
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb




Single payer system - ANS>>_____________ systems are usually financed more
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb



progressively, and rely on existing taxation systems; they effectively distribute risks
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb



throughout one large risk pool; and they offer governments a high degree of control
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb



over the total expenditure on health.
bb bb bb bb bb bb




Multi payer system - ANS>>In this system two or more providers administer the UHC
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb



and usually do so in competition with each other. The government, or its nominee,
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb



may or may not be an active participant, but usually is expected to set the rules of
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb



the competition and monitor the system to ensure fair and equitable service.
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb




Patients without insurance - ANS>>-Less likely to have a source of ongoing care
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb



-less likely to have preventative care like flu-shots and cancer screening
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb



-more likely to utilize expensive emergency care
bb bb bb bb bb bb




Health Care Quality - ANS>>the degree to which health services for individuals and
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb



populations increase the likelihood of desired health outcomes
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb




DONABEDIAN FRAMEWORK - ANS>>Structure-available resources, infrastructure bb bb bb bb bb



(technology,personnel), financing
bb bb



-Accreditation