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NUR 211 EXAM
What does the term 'extrapulmonary TB' refer to?
TB that spreads to parts of the body outside the respiratory system, potentially
affecting lymph nodes, bones, and organs.
What is rheumatoid arthritis?
A chronic autoimmune disease that attacks the synovium, leading to joint pain and
swelling.
,Which gender is more commonly affected by rheumatoid arthritis?
Females are affected three times more than males.
What are some environmental factors implicated in the development of rheumatoid
arthritis?
Cigarette smoke, bacteria, and viruses.
What are common clinical manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis?
Joint pain, swelling, morning stiffness, fatigue, and joint deformities.
What is the typical age range for the onset of rheumatoid arthritis?
Most common in the third through fifth decades of life.
What role do first-degree relatives play in the risk of developing rheumatoid
arthritis?
First-degree relatives have a 1.5-fold higher risk than the general population.
What is the significance of morning stiffness in rheumatoid arthritis?
It is a common symptom indicating inflammation and stiffness in the joints.
, What is synovitis and how is it assessed?
Inflammation of the synovial membrane, assessed via palpation or ultrasound.
What laboratory tests are used in diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis?
Presence of rheumatoid factor, anticyclic citrullinated peptides, and acute-phase
reactants like CRP and ESR.
What imaging techniques are used to assess joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis?
Conventional radiographs, MRI, and ultrasonography.
What are the goals of pharmacological therapy in rheumatoid arthritis?
To control inflammation, decrease joint pain, and prevent joint destruction.
What are some examples of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)?
Methotrexate, leflunomide, hydroxychloroquine, sulfasalazine, and tofacitinib.
What is the first-line DMARD of choice for treating rheumatoid arthritis?
Methotrexate.