BIO 669 EXAMS 2 ANSWERS AND QUESTIONS SET
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✔✔Alloimmunity - ✔✔Immune reaction to tissues of another individual
✔✔ water makes up ____% in men - ✔✔60%
✔✔water makes up ____% in women - ✔✔50%
✔✔made up of 2/3 (40%) of water - ✔✔intracellular
✔✔made up of 1/3 (20%) of water - ✔✔extracellular
✔✔what two things make up extracellular fluid? - ✔✔Intravascular and interstitial
✔✔what % of intravascular is in the extracellular? - ✔✔25%
✔✔what % of interstitial is in the extracellular? - ✔✔75%
✔✔who has more water, men or women? - ✔✔men
✔✔who has more water, elderly or pediatric? - ✔✔pediatric
✔✔why does total body water decrease as we age? - ✔✔decreased free fat and muscle
mass
renal decline
diminished thirst perception
✔✔Starling forces - ✔✔forces affecting movement of fluid between cells and spaces
✔✔net filtration - ✔✔forces favoring filtration minus forces opposing filtration
✔✔Osmolarity - ✔✔concentration of osmotically active particles in a solution
, ✔✔isosmotic - ✔✔solutions with the same concentrations of solute particles (osmolarity)
✔✔hyposomotic - ✔✔solution with lower osmotic pressure. lower outside
✔✔hyperosmotic - ✔✔solution with higher osmolarity. higher inside.
✔✔isotonic - ✔✔two solutions with the same osmotic pressure
✔✔Hypotonic - ✔✔when comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser
concentration of solutes within the cell
✔✔Hypertonic - ✔✔when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater
concentration of solutes within the cell
✔✔Forces favoring filtration - ✔✔Capillary hydrostatic pressure (blood pressure) and
interstitial oncotic pressure (water-pulling)
✔✔Forces favoring reabsorption - ✔✔Plasma (capillary) oncotic pressure (water-pulling)
Interstitial hydrostatic pressure
✔✔edema - ✔✔accumulation of fluid within the interstitial spaces
✔✔causes of edema - ✔✔increased capillary hydrostatic pressure (increased BP),
decrease of plasma oncotic pressure,
obstruction of lymphatic circulation,
increased capillary permeability
✔✔What is ascites? - ✔✔accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
✔✔example of increased capillary hydrostatic pressure - ✔✔venous obstruction, salt
and water retention, heart failure, renal failure
✔✔what does increased capillary hydrostatic pressure cause? - ✔✔forces fluid into
tissues
✔✔causes of decreased capillary (plasma) oncotic pressure - ✔✔decreased plasma
albumin
-decreased synthesis of plasma proteins (cirrhosis, malnutrition)
-increased loss of plasma proteins (nephrotic syndrome)
increased Na+ and H2O retention (dilution of plasma proteins)
✔✔what does lymph obstruction cause? - ✔✔fluid movement into the tissues
A+
✔✔Alloimmunity - ✔✔Immune reaction to tissues of another individual
✔✔ water makes up ____% in men - ✔✔60%
✔✔water makes up ____% in women - ✔✔50%
✔✔made up of 2/3 (40%) of water - ✔✔intracellular
✔✔made up of 1/3 (20%) of water - ✔✔extracellular
✔✔what two things make up extracellular fluid? - ✔✔Intravascular and interstitial
✔✔what % of intravascular is in the extracellular? - ✔✔25%
✔✔what % of interstitial is in the extracellular? - ✔✔75%
✔✔who has more water, men or women? - ✔✔men
✔✔who has more water, elderly or pediatric? - ✔✔pediatric
✔✔why does total body water decrease as we age? - ✔✔decreased free fat and muscle
mass
renal decline
diminished thirst perception
✔✔Starling forces - ✔✔forces affecting movement of fluid between cells and spaces
✔✔net filtration - ✔✔forces favoring filtration minus forces opposing filtration
✔✔Osmolarity - ✔✔concentration of osmotically active particles in a solution
, ✔✔isosmotic - ✔✔solutions with the same concentrations of solute particles (osmolarity)
✔✔hyposomotic - ✔✔solution with lower osmotic pressure. lower outside
✔✔hyperosmotic - ✔✔solution with higher osmolarity. higher inside.
✔✔isotonic - ✔✔two solutions with the same osmotic pressure
✔✔Hypotonic - ✔✔when comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser
concentration of solutes within the cell
✔✔Hypertonic - ✔✔when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater
concentration of solutes within the cell
✔✔Forces favoring filtration - ✔✔Capillary hydrostatic pressure (blood pressure) and
interstitial oncotic pressure (water-pulling)
✔✔Forces favoring reabsorption - ✔✔Plasma (capillary) oncotic pressure (water-pulling)
Interstitial hydrostatic pressure
✔✔edema - ✔✔accumulation of fluid within the interstitial spaces
✔✔causes of edema - ✔✔increased capillary hydrostatic pressure (increased BP),
decrease of plasma oncotic pressure,
obstruction of lymphatic circulation,
increased capillary permeability
✔✔What is ascites? - ✔✔accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
✔✔example of increased capillary hydrostatic pressure - ✔✔venous obstruction, salt
and water retention, heart failure, renal failure
✔✔what does increased capillary hydrostatic pressure cause? - ✔✔forces fluid into
tissues
✔✔causes of decreased capillary (plasma) oncotic pressure - ✔✔decreased plasma
albumin
-decreased synthesis of plasma proteins (cirrhosis, malnutrition)
-increased loss of plasma proteins (nephrotic syndrome)
increased Na+ and H2O retention (dilution of plasma proteins)
✔✔what does lymph obstruction cause? - ✔✔fluid movement into the tissues
