NUR 211 FINAL EXAM 2026: 120+ QUESTIONS AND 100%
VERIFIED ANSWERS | GRADED A+ | GUARANTEED PASS!!
Explain the correct way to palpate the breast. p. 359-361
- answer-Pt supine with arm over head -
There are several different techniques to assess for lumps. It is important that the
nurse has a systematic search pattern to thoroughly assess each breast, the tail of
Spence, and axillary lymph nodes.
Describe how to assess for a hernia commonly found in male patients.
- answer-□ Inguinal pain may be related to an inguinal hernia; part of the intestine
protrudes through the abdominal wall; more evident if the patient coughs, bends
over, or lifts a heavy object exerting intra-abdominal pressure.
Describe the symptoms of cerebral damage to the following areas: Brainstem,
Cerebellum, Cranial nerves, Pons.
- answer--The respiratory center is located in the medulla oblongata and pons in
the brain stem; this portion of the brain controls the rate and depth of respiration.
The main organs of the respiratory system are the lungs
- If cerebellum is damaged, a person experiences problems with balance and
coordination
-Pons relays messages between the cortex and the cerebellum; contains the
pneumotaxic center that controls respiratory function.
Decorticate posturing:
- answer-consists of internal rotation and adduction of the arms with flexion of the
elbows, wrists, and fingers; plantar flexion of the feet with internal rotation of the
legs; both legs are stiffly extended; indicates severe brain injury
Decerebrate posturing:
- answer-consists of arms stiffly extended, adducted, and hyperpronated with
hyperextension of the legs and plantar flexion of the feet; legs are stiffly extended;
indicates more serious damage in midbrain and brainstem
,rigidity
- answer-muscles are contracted and tense; associated with Parkinson's Disease and
neuromuscular injuries or diseases
hypertonia
- answer-increased muscle tone and may be result of injury to upper motor neurons
Discuss the principles of good sleep habits including the effects of sleep
deprivation.
- answer-Sleep deprivation can reduce blood flow and metabolism in the brain and
affect cerebral function. The cognitive functions particularly affected by sleep
deprivation are: executive attention, decision making, and higher cognitive abilities
List the items checked when assessing a patient's mental status.
- answer-ASSESSMENT STEPS
1. Assess the patient's ability to arouse and respond to questions.
2. Assess the patient's orientation to person, place, time, and situation.
■ TIP Always assess orientation to facts that can be confirmed through secondary
resources.
3. Ask the patient the following questions:
□ What is your name? (orientation to person)
□ Where are you now? What city are you in? (orientation to place)
□ What year is it? What season is it? What month is it? What day of the week is it?
(orientation to time)
□ What brings you here to see the healthcare provider? (orientation to situation)
Describe how to assess gait in a patient.
- answer-1. Explain the technique to the patient.
2. Have the patient walk away from you first and then back toward you. This
allows for both anterior and posterior observation of gait.
3. Inspect any differences in leg swing and arm swing.
4. Assess the patient's ability or inability to control any joints. Are they limping,
unable to move a lower extremity joint through the functional ROM?
5. Assess if the patient uses any assistive devices.
6. Document your findings.
Identify all the information needed from a breast health history.
- answer-■ Do you have a family history of breast disease?
Have you had any previous breast disease?
■ Have you had any type of breast surgeries?
, ■ Have you had a clinical breast examination (CBE)? If so, when?
■ Do you perform breast self-examination (BSE)?
Have you had a mammogram? If so, when?
■ Do you have any breast concerns,
Describe how palpate during breast assessment.
- answer-using three finger pads of your dominant hand palpate breast and axillary
area using both light and deep firm circular motions following one of the 3
methods (circular, radial spoke, vertical strip). assess for tissue density, lumps, and
tenderness. assess areola/nipple for discharge by compressing nipple between
thumb and index finger
Circular pattern for palpation
- answer-starts by palpating the areola first and moving in a circular motion from
the areola to the outer perimeter of the breast
Radial spoke pattern for palpation
- answer-also known as the wedge pattern, divides the breast into wedges; starts at
the periphery of the breast and palpates toward the nipple
Vertical strip pattern for palpation
- answer-starts at the sternum palpating up and down in straight lines toward the
outer perimeter of the breast, ending up in the axillary area
Describe the correct positioning for conducting a pap smear. p.363-364
- answer-Ask the patient to undress from the waist down, but tell her that she may
leave her socks on; provide a gown, draping, and privacy for the patient.
■ Tell the patient that she can sit at the end of the examination table until the
healthcare provider is ready to perform the assessment; the healthcare provider will
assist the patient into the lithotomy position.
When the healthcare provider is ready to begin, assist the patient into the lithotomy
position by having the patient move her buttocks down to the end of the
examination table; ask the patient to place the heels of her feet into the stirrups;
assist the patient as needed for comfort and safety. Provide a sheet over her legs
and knees for privacy until the assessment begins.
VERIFIED ANSWERS | GRADED A+ | GUARANTEED PASS!!
Explain the correct way to palpate the breast. p. 359-361
- answer-Pt supine with arm over head -
There are several different techniques to assess for lumps. It is important that the
nurse has a systematic search pattern to thoroughly assess each breast, the tail of
Spence, and axillary lymph nodes.
Describe how to assess for a hernia commonly found in male patients.
- answer-□ Inguinal pain may be related to an inguinal hernia; part of the intestine
protrudes through the abdominal wall; more evident if the patient coughs, bends
over, or lifts a heavy object exerting intra-abdominal pressure.
Describe the symptoms of cerebral damage to the following areas: Brainstem,
Cerebellum, Cranial nerves, Pons.
- answer--The respiratory center is located in the medulla oblongata and pons in
the brain stem; this portion of the brain controls the rate and depth of respiration.
The main organs of the respiratory system are the lungs
- If cerebellum is damaged, a person experiences problems with balance and
coordination
-Pons relays messages between the cortex and the cerebellum; contains the
pneumotaxic center that controls respiratory function.
Decorticate posturing:
- answer-consists of internal rotation and adduction of the arms with flexion of the
elbows, wrists, and fingers; plantar flexion of the feet with internal rotation of the
legs; both legs are stiffly extended; indicates severe brain injury
Decerebrate posturing:
- answer-consists of arms stiffly extended, adducted, and hyperpronated with
hyperextension of the legs and plantar flexion of the feet; legs are stiffly extended;
indicates more serious damage in midbrain and brainstem
,rigidity
- answer-muscles are contracted and tense; associated with Parkinson's Disease and
neuromuscular injuries or diseases
hypertonia
- answer-increased muscle tone and may be result of injury to upper motor neurons
Discuss the principles of good sleep habits including the effects of sleep
deprivation.
- answer-Sleep deprivation can reduce blood flow and metabolism in the brain and
affect cerebral function. The cognitive functions particularly affected by sleep
deprivation are: executive attention, decision making, and higher cognitive abilities
List the items checked when assessing a patient's mental status.
- answer-ASSESSMENT STEPS
1. Assess the patient's ability to arouse and respond to questions.
2. Assess the patient's orientation to person, place, time, and situation.
■ TIP Always assess orientation to facts that can be confirmed through secondary
resources.
3. Ask the patient the following questions:
□ What is your name? (orientation to person)
□ Where are you now? What city are you in? (orientation to place)
□ What year is it? What season is it? What month is it? What day of the week is it?
(orientation to time)
□ What brings you here to see the healthcare provider? (orientation to situation)
Describe how to assess gait in a patient.
- answer-1. Explain the technique to the patient.
2. Have the patient walk away from you first and then back toward you. This
allows for both anterior and posterior observation of gait.
3. Inspect any differences in leg swing and arm swing.
4. Assess the patient's ability or inability to control any joints. Are they limping,
unable to move a lower extremity joint through the functional ROM?
5. Assess if the patient uses any assistive devices.
6. Document your findings.
Identify all the information needed from a breast health history.
- answer-■ Do you have a family history of breast disease?
Have you had any previous breast disease?
■ Have you had any type of breast surgeries?
, ■ Have you had a clinical breast examination (CBE)? If so, when?
■ Do you perform breast self-examination (BSE)?
Have you had a mammogram? If so, when?
■ Do you have any breast concerns,
Describe how palpate during breast assessment.
- answer-using three finger pads of your dominant hand palpate breast and axillary
area using both light and deep firm circular motions following one of the 3
methods (circular, radial spoke, vertical strip). assess for tissue density, lumps, and
tenderness. assess areola/nipple for discharge by compressing nipple between
thumb and index finger
Circular pattern for palpation
- answer-starts by palpating the areola first and moving in a circular motion from
the areola to the outer perimeter of the breast
Radial spoke pattern for palpation
- answer-also known as the wedge pattern, divides the breast into wedges; starts at
the periphery of the breast and palpates toward the nipple
Vertical strip pattern for palpation
- answer-starts at the sternum palpating up and down in straight lines toward the
outer perimeter of the breast, ending up in the axillary area
Describe the correct positioning for conducting a pap smear. p.363-364
- answer-Ask the patient to undress from the waist down, but tell her that she may
leave her socks on; provide a gown, draping, and privacy for the patient.
■ Tell the patient that she can sit at the end of the examination table until the
healthcare provider is ready to perform the assessment; the healthcare provider will
assist the patient into the lithotomy position.
When the healthcare provider is ready to begin, assist the patient into the lithotomy
position by having the patient move her buttocks down to the end of the
examination table; ask the patient to place the heels of her feet into the stirrups;
assist the patient as needed for comfort and safety. Provide a sheet over her legs
and knees for privacy until the assessment begins.
