PHYSIOL 404 EXAM 2 UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

PHYSIOL 404 EXAM 2 UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS

Question:
1. Lead 1 ECG
Answer:
negative lead on right arm postive lead on left arm ground on ankle
-records activity across horizontal axis

Question:
2. conducting pathway units of the heart
Answer:
specialized cardiac muscle cells connected via gap junctions NOT NEURONS

Question:
3. pacemakers
Answer:
SA node and AV node allow for depolarization without neural input due to specialized ion channels

Question:
4. palpation method
Answer:
place the cuff above the subject's elbow fell for a pulse on their radial artery until it goes away after
deflating and then when you feel it again that is systolic

Question:
5. why does raw ecg look better than raw emg
Answer:
because the electric coupling of the cardiac cells takes place all together

Question:
6. what issues can an ecg show
Answer:
it can show dead cardiac cells mycocardial infarction

Question:
7. ECG as a vector
Answer:
it is a quantity with magnitude and direction

Question:
8. route of electricla excitation
Answer:
SA NODE/ AV Node to the bundle of his to purkinje fibers

,Question:
9. what happens in between the end of QRS and beginning of t wave
Answer:
there is repolarization and L type calcium channels open to prolong ventricular AP

Question:
10. P wave
Answer:
spread of depolarization across the atria from the SA node to the AV node

Question:
11. QRS
Answer:
spread of depolarization from the AV node down to the ventricular septum of the apex of the heart (to the
ventricles)

Question:
12. T wave
Answer:
repolarization of ventricles

Question:
13. inlet valves
Answer:
-AV valves
-allow blood to go from the atria to the ventricles
Right: tricuspid Left: mitral

Question:
14. outlet valves
Answer:
-semi lunar valves
-aortic valve and pulmonary valve blood flow in 1 direction
-closing of these allows for the

Question:
15. 1st heart sound
Answer:
right after QRS AV valves closing

Question:
16. 2nd heart sounds
Answer:
right befoe the end of the T wave, closing of the semilunar valves

Question:
17. deoxygeneated blood flow in the heart

, Answer:
it enters the R atrium and flows into the right ventricle through the AV valve
-oxygenated blood enters the L atrium and flows into the left ventricles

Question:
18. isovolumetric phase
Answer:
when the pressure in the ventricle has not yet exceeded that of the aorta so both the AV valve and the aortic
valve are closed

Question:
19. what needs to happen in order for the aortic valve to open
Answer:
pressure in the ventricles must be higher than in the aorta
-aortic valve closes when pressure in the ventricles becomes less than in the aorta

Question:
20. VPP
Answer:
increases during systole because all the blood is being squeezed out

Question:
21. where is the apex of the heart
Answer:
5th interecoastal space on the left mid clavicular line

Question:
22. why does the AV valve close during the first heart sound
Answer:
the pressure in the ventricle is exceeding that of the atrium

Question:
23. point of measurement
Answer:
where you are listening with the stethoscope/palpating the artery

Question:
24. auscultation
Answer:
uses a stethoscope over the brachial artery and a cuff to listen to the korotkoff sounds

Question:
25. what happens if you release the cuff really slowly or too fast
Answer:
cant correlate the beginning or end of korotkoff sounds