ACE YOUR NUR 529 EXAM: COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE WITH
COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST
2026/2027
◉ Bleeding associated with platelet disorders reflects: Answer: decrease
in platelet number because of:
1. decreased production (bone marrow dysfunction)
2. increased destruction (thrombocytopenia)
3. impaired function of platelets (thrombocytopathia)
◉ Spontaneous bleeding from platelet disorders often involve. Answer:
small vessels of mucus membranes and skin:
mucus membranes of nose, mouth, GI tract, and uterine cavity
◉ petechiae is seen exclusively with. Answer: conditions of platelet
deficiency
**not platelet dysfunction
◉ thrombocytopenia. Answer: Platelet < 150,000
can result from:
1. decrease in platelet production
2. increased sequestration of platelets in spleen
3. decreased platelet survival
,◉ Four primary causes of anemia. Answer: 1. excessive loss of RBC
from bleeding
2. destruction (hemolysis) of RBC
3. Defective RBC production
4. Inadequate RBC production because of bone marrow failure
◉ characteristics of RBC in iron deficiency anemia. Answer: microcytic
and hypochromic
◉ characteristics of RBC in megablastic anemai. Answer: macrocytic
and misshaped
◉ characteristics of RBC in sickle cell disease. Answer: abnormally
shaped
◉ blood loss anemia is characterized by. Answer: loss of iron
containing blood cells in body
◉ hemolytic anemia is characterized by. Answer: destruction of RBC in
the body with iron being retained
Reason for iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in adults. Answer:
inadequate iron available for recycling:
,◉
-men/postmenopausal women: GI bleed from peptic ulcer, vascular
lesions, intestinal polyps, hemorrhoids, or cancer
-women childbearing age: menstruation
-pregnant women: fetal development increases iron requirements for
erythropoiesis
◉ Reason for IDA in children. Answer: blood volume increases with
greater need for iron (proportionally higher in infancy between 3-24
months):
low iron levels at birth because of maternal deficiency and a diet
consisting mainly of cow's milk (low in absorbable iron)
◉ Clinical Course of Infectious Mononucleosis. Answer: -onset is
insidious
-incubation period (from exposure to the development of symptoms) 4-6
weeks
-prodromal period (early stage/symptom presentation) lasts for several
days and characterized by malaise, anorexia, and chills--> precedes
onset of fever, pharyngitis, and lymphadenopathy
-acute phase lasts 2-3 weeks with recovery occurring rapidly
-debility and lethargy may persist for 2-3 months
, ◉
most common complication of infectious mononucleosis.
Answer: splenomegaly (50-60% cases) spleen enlarged 2-3 times
normal size rupture is rare; educate to avoid contact sports
◉ diagnosing infectious mononucleosis. Answer: monospot testing for
heterophile antibodies (hallmark)
IgM and IgG increased early in disease
◉ Manifestations of Hodgkin's Lymphoma. Answer: -painless
enlargement of single node or group of nodes (typically at level of
diaphragm: neck, supraclavicular, axilla)
-mediastinal mass (c/o chest discomfort with cough or dyspnea)
-fever, chills, night sweats, and weight loss
-pruritus and intermittent night fevers
◉ Diagnosis of Hodgkin's Lymphoma. Answer: Reed-Sternberg cells
present in biopsy of lymph tissue
-bipedal lymphangiogram detects structural changes of lymph nodes too
small to see on CT
-bilateral bone marrow biopsy performed on patient's suspected of
disseminated diseases
COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST
2026/2027
◉ Bleeding associated with platelet disorders reflects: Answer: decrease
in platelet number because of:
1. decreased production (bone marrow dysfunction)
2. increased destruction (thrombocytopenia)
3. impaired function of platelets (thrombocytopathia)
◉ Spontaneous bleeding from platelet disorders often involve. Answer:
small vessels of mucus membranes and skin:
mucus membranes of nose, mouth, GI tract, and uterine cavity
◉ petechiae is seen exclusively with. Answer: conditions of platelet
deficiency
**not platelet dysfunction
◉ thrombocytopenia. Answer: Platelet < 150,000
can result from:
1. decrease in platelet production
2. increased sequestration of platelets in spleen
3. decreased platelet survival
,◉ Four primary causes of anemia. Answer: 1. excessive loss of RBC
from bleeding
2. destruction (hemolysis) of RBC
3. Defective RBC production
4. Inadequate RBC production because of bone marrow failure
◉ characteristics of RBC in iron deficiency anemia. Answer: microcytic
and hypochromic
◉ characteristics of RBC in megablastic anemai. Answer: macrocytic
and misshaped
◉ characteristics of RBC in sickle cell disease. Answer: abnormally
shaped
◉ blood loss anemia is characterized by. Answer: loss of iron
containing blood cells in body
◉ hemolytic anemia is characterized by. Answer: destruction of RBC in
the body with iron being retained
Reason for iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in adults. Answer:
inadequate iron available for recycling:
,◉
-men/postmenopausal women: GI bleed from peptic ulcer, vascular
lesions, intestinal polyps, hemorrhoids, or cancer
-women childbearing age: menstruation
-pregnant women: fetal development increases iron requirements for
erythropoiesis
◉ Reason for IDA in children. Answer: blood volume increases with
greater need for iron (proportionally higher in infancy between 3-24
months):
low iron levels at birth because of maternal deficiency and a diet
consisting mainly of cow's milk (low in absorbable iron)
◉ Clinical Course of Infectious Mononucleosis. Answer: -onset is
insidious
-incubation period (from exposure to the development of symptoms) 4-6
weeks
-prodromal period (early stage/symptom presentation) lasts for several
days and characterized by malaise, anorexia, and chills--> precedes
onset of fever, pharyngitis, and lymphadenopathy
-acute phase lasts 2-3 weeks with recovery occurring rapidly
-debility and lethargy may persist for 2-3 months
, ◉
most common complication of infectious mononucleosis.
Answer: splenomegaly (50-60% cases) spleen enlarged 2-3 times
normal size rupture is rare; educate to avoid contact sports
◉ diagnosing infectious mononucleosis. Answer: monospot testing for
heterophile antibodies (hallmark)
IgM and IgG increased early in disease
◉ Manifestations of Hodgkin's Lymphoma. Answer: -painless
enlargement of single node or group of nodes (typically at level of
diaphragm: neck, supraclavicular, axilla)
-mediastinal mass (c/o chest discomfort with cough or dyspnea)
-fever, chills, night sweats, and weight loss
-pruritus and intermittent night fevers
◉ Diagnosis of Hodgkin's Lymphoma. Answer: Reed-Sternberg cells
present in biopsy of lymph tissue
-bipedal lymphangiogram detects structural changes of lymph nodes too
small to see on CT
-bilateral bone marrow biopsy performed on patient's suspected of
disseminated diseases
