MARYVILLE NURS 611
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY TEST 3 2026
STUDY GUIDE REVIEW SOLUTIONS
◉ Necrosis.
Answer: Rapid loss of plasma membrane structure, organelle swelling,
mitochondrial dysfunction
◉ Atrophy.
Answer: Degeneration of cells
◉ Hypertrophy.
Answer: Swelling of cells
◉ Hyperplasia.
Answer: Increase in number of cells
◉ Metaplasia.
Answer: Replacement of cells, may not be functional
◉ Loss of ATP effect on cells.
Answer: Sodium-potassium pump failure. Intracellular sodium,
extracellular potassium leads to edema
, ◉ Effect of oxygen depletion.
Answer: Anaerobic metabolism (glycolysis)
◉ Free radical.
Answer: electrically charged atom/atoms with unpaired electron--
unstable. Steals molecules to stabilize.
◉ Lysosome leakage from cell injury.
Answer: Digestion of cellular organelles, halts DNA/RNA
◉ Ethanol.
Answer: Metabolized to acetaldehyde--liver dysfunction over time
◉ Peroxisomes.
Answer: Detoxify ethanol, creates hydrogen peroxide
◉ Most vulnerable to radiation.
Answer: DNA
◉ Effects of aging.
Answer: Muscular atrophy (sarcopenia), stiffness/rigidity of systems
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY TEST 3 2026
STUDY GUIDE REVIEW SOLUTIONS
◉ Necrosis.
Answer: Rapid loss of plasma membrane structure, organelle swelling,
mitochondrial dysfunction
◉ Atrophy.
Answer: Degeneration of cells
◉ Hypertrophy.
Answer: Swelling of cells
◉ Hyperplasia.
Answer: Increase in number of cells
◉ Metaplasia.
Answer: Replacement of cells, may not be functional
◉ Loss of ATP effect on cells.
Answer: Sodium-potassium pump failure. Intracellular sodium,
extracellular potassium leads to edema
, ◉ Effect of oxygen depletion.
Answer: Anaerobic metabolism (glycolysis)
◉ Free radical.
Answer: electrically charged atom/atoms with unpaired electron--
unstable. Steals molecules to stabilize.
◉ Lysosome leakage from cell injury.
Answer: Digestion of cellular organelles, halts DNA/RNA
◉ Ethanol.
Answer: Metabolized to acetaldehyde--liver dysfunction over time
◉ Peroxisomes.
Answer: Detoxify ethanol, creates hydrogen peroxide
◉ Most vulnerable to radiation.
Answer: DNA
◉ Effects of aging.
Answer: Muscular atrophy (sarcopenia), stiffness/rigidity of systems