MARYVILLE NURS 611
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY TEST 3 2026
EXAM SCRIPT SOLVED QUESTIONS
SET
◉ Delerium.
Answer: sudden, reversible, lasts hours to days, altered consciousness,
mood swings, illogical flow of ideas, hallucinations, delusions,
associated with acute events
◉ Dementia.
Answer: insidious, persistent, struggles to find words,
depressed/apathetic, delusions but no hallucinations, related to structural
disease of the brain
◉ Expressive aphasia.
Answer: knows what they want to say but can't articulate properly,
reading comprehension intact, impaired writing
◉ Receptive aphasia.
Answer: can hear words but can't relate, uses words
inappropriately/incomprehensible, impaired reading and writing
◉ Global aphasia (both).
,Answer: Only knows ones name or few select words, no spontaneous
speech or very limited, severely impaired reading and writing
◉ Risk factors for suicidal ideations.
Answer: -Social isolation (living alone, divorced, widowed)
-Mental health disorder (depression)
-Terminal health condition
-Family hx
-Personal losses or challenges (unemployment, legal problems)
-Plan for suicide or previous attempt
-Alcohol or substance abuse
-Access to firearms or other self harm
◉ Depression.
Answer: Sudden or insidious, longer than 2 weeks, no impaired
consciousness, impaired concentration/memory/thought processes,
insomnia or too much sleep, fatigue, anxiety, slowed speech, homeless,
loss of interest of pleasure, associated with grief or stressful life event
◉ Abdominal pain HPI questions.
Answer: -Onset: when, sudden vs gradual
-Location: of onset, change? radiates, superficial or deep
-Duration: persistent, recurrent, intermittent
,-Character: dull, sharp, burning, gnawing, stabbing, cramping, aching,
colicky, also stool/urine characteristics
-Aggravating factors: medications?
-Relieving factors: medications, home remedies
-Temporal factors: related to menses, intercourse, urination, defecation,
inspiration, change in body position, food/alcohol, stress, time of day,
trauma?
-Associated symptoms: vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, flatus,
belching, jaundice, abdominal girth, weight loss or gain
◉ Abdominal: inspection - surface characteristics.
Answer: -Normal: pink, venous return above the umbilicus should be
toward the head; below the umbilicus should be toward the feet
-Abnormal: Jaundice, cyanosis, taut, bruises, redness, Cullen sign, striae,
tumors, masses, ascstes, nodules (Sister Mary Joseph a pearl-like,
enlarged and sometimes painful umbilical nodule can indicate abd
malignancy), lesions
◉ Abdominal: inspection: Contour.
Answer: -Normal: flat, rounded, or scaphoid, umbilicus centrally
located, symmetric
-Abnormal: distention, bulges, umbilicus inflammation/bulging, masses,
hernias, diastasis recti
◉ Abdominal: Inspection: Movement.
Answer: -Normal: Smooth, even movement with respiration
, -Abnormal: limited motion on respiration (peritonitis), peristalsis
(obstruction), marked pulsations (aortic aneurysm)
◉ Abdominal: Auscultation: Bowel sounds & bruits.
Answer: -Normal: 5-35 clicks/gurgles/min
-Abnormal: loud prolonged gurgles (borborygmi), increased BS
(gastroenteritis, intestinal obstruction, hunger), high-pitched tinkling
(intestinal fluid & air under pressure aka early obstruction), decreased
BS (peritonitis, paralytic ileus), absent bowel sounds = inability to hear
after 5 min (abdominal pain/rigidity—surgical emergency), bruits,
friction rubs, venous hum
◉ Abdominal: Percussion.
Answer: -Normal: Overall tympany & dullness, liver span 6-12cm,
splenic dullness 6th-9th rib, tympany gastric bubble
-Abnormal: organ enlargement, CVA tenderness
◉ Abdominal: Palpation.
Answer: -Normal: smooth, soft, without resistance or tenderness, spleen,
kidneys, and healthy gallbladder are not palpable, liver palpable at costal
margin (firm, smooth, even, nontender)
-Abnormal: Palpable tender gallbladder = cholecystits, common bile
duct obstruction = nontender enlarged gallbladder, any masses,
guarding, pain, bulges, nodules, granulation
◉ How to assess for McBurney's point.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY TEST 3 2026
EXAM SCRIPT SOLVED QUESTIONS
SET
◉ Delerium.
Answer: sudden, reversible, lasts hours to days, altered consciousness,
mood swings, illogical flow of ideas, hallucinations, delusions,
associated with acute events
◉ Dementia.
Answer: insidious, persistent, struggles to find words,
depressed/apathetic, delusions but no hallucinations, related to structural
disease of the brain
◉ Expressive aphasia.
Answer: knows what they want to say but can't articulate properly,
reading comprehension intact, impaired writing
◉ Receptive aphasia.
Answer: can hear words but can't relate, uses words
inappropriately/incomprehensible, impaired reading and writing
◉ Global aphasia (both).
,Answer: Only knows ones name or few select words, no spontaneous
speech or very limited, severely impaired reading and writing
◉ Risk factors for suicidal ideations.
Answer: -Social isolation (living alone, divorced, widowed)
-Mental health disorder (depression)
-Terminal health condition
-Family hx
-Personal losses or challenges (unemployment, legal problems)
-Plan for suicide or previous attempt
-Alcohol or substance abuse
-Access to firearms or other self harm
◉ Depression.
Answer: Sudden or insidious, longer than 2 weeks, no impaired
consciousness, impaired concentration/memory/thought processes,
insomnia or too much sleep, fatigue, anxiety, slowed speech, homeless,
loss of interest of pleasure, associated with grief or stressful life event
◉ Abdominal pain HPI questions.
Answer: -Onset: when, sudden vs gradual
-Location: of onset, change? radiates, superficial or deep
-Duration: persistent, recurrent, intermittent
,-Character: dull, sharp, burning, gnawing, stabbing, cramping, aching,
colicky, also stool/urine characteristics
-Aggravating factors: medications?
-Relieving factors: medications, home remedies
-Temporal factors: related to menses, intercourse, urination, defecation,
inspiration, change in body position, food/alcohol, stress, time of day,
trauma?
-Associated symptoms: vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, flatus,
belching, jaundice, abdominal girth, weight loss or gain
◉ Abdominal: inspection - surface characteristics.
Answer: -Normal: pink, venous return above the umbilicus should be
toward the head; below the umbilicus should be toward the feet
-Abnormal: Jaundice, cyanosis, taut, bruises, redness, Cullen sign, striae,
tumors, masses, ascstes, nodules (Sister Mary Joseph a pearl-like,
enlarged and sometimes painful umbilical nodule can indicate abd
malignancy), lesions
◉ Abdominal: inspection: Contour.
Answer: -Normal: flat, rounded, or scaphoid, umbilicus centrally
located, symmetric
-Abnormal: distention, bulges, umbilicus inflammation/bulging, masses,
hernias, diastasis recti
◉ Abdominal: Inspection: Movement.
Answer: -Normal: Smooth, even movement with respiration
, -Abnormal: limited motion on respiration (peritonitis), peristalsis
(obstruction), marked pulsations (aortic aneurysm)
◉ Abdominal: Auscultation: Bowel sounds & bruits.
Answer: -Normal: 5-35 clicks/gurgles/min
-Abnormal: loud prolonged gurgles (borborygmi), increased BS
(gastroenteritis, intestinal obstruction, hunger), high-pitched tinkling
(intestinal fluid & air under pressure aka early obstruction), decreased
BS (peritonitis, paralytic ileus), absent bowel sounds = inability to hear
after 5 min (abdominal pain/rigidity—surgical emergency), bruits,
friction rubs, venous hum
◉ Abdominal: Percussion.
Answer: -Normal: Overall tympany & dullness, liver span 6-12cm,
splenic dullness 6th-9th rib, tympany gastric bubble
-Abnormal: organ enlargement, CVA tenderness
◉ Abdominal: Palpation.
Answer: -Normal: smooth, soft, without resistance or tenderness, spleen,
kidneys, and healthy gallbladder are not palpable, liver palpable at costal
margin (firm, smooth, even, nontender)
-Abnormal: Palpable tender gallbladder = cholecystits, common bile
duct obstruction = nontender enlarged gallbladder, any masses,
guarding, pain, bulges, nodules, granulation
◉ How to assess for McBurney's point.
