MARYVILLE NURS 612 EXAM 2 MOCK TEST
WITH ANSWER RATIONALES 2026
◉ inspection of abdomen.
Answer: -Abdominal contour
-Symmetry
-Umbilicus
-Skin Color
-Vascularity
-Scars
-Striae
-Lesions or rashes
-Abdominal movement when breathing
-Aortic pulsation
-Have patient raise head while laying down and look for masses
hernia or muscle separation
◉ Abdominal assessment order.
Answer: inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation
Always auscultate prior to percussion and palpation as it can change
sound.
,◉ Abdomen Auscultation.
Answer: Bowel sounds in all four quadrants- note frequency and
character
listen for friction rubs over liver and spleen
listen for bruits over the aortic, renal, illiac and femoral arteries
listen for venous hum around epigastric area above the belly button
◉ Abdominal findings abdomen.
Answer: ○Bruits- A swishing sound heard over the aortic, renal iliac,
and femoral arteries, indicating narrowing or aneurysm.
○Pop/Tinkles- High pitch sound suggesting intestinal fluid and air
under pressure, as in early obstruction.
○Rushes- Rushes of high-pitched sounds that coincide with
cramping suggests intestinal obstruction.
○Borborygmi- Increased prolonged gurgles occur with
gastroenteritis, early intestinal obstruction, and hunger.
,○Rubs- Grating sounds that vary with respiration. Indicate
inflammation of the peritoneal surface of an organ from tumor,
infection, or splenic infarct.
○Venous Hum- A soft humming noise often heard in hepatic
cirrhosis that is caused by increased collateral circulation between
portal and systemic venous system.
○Succussion splash- A splashing noise produced by shaking the body
when there is both gas and fluid in a cavity or free air in the
peritoneum or thorax.
○Decreased/absent bowel sounds- Occurs with peritonitis or
paralytic ileus.
◉ How to percuss to estimate the liver span.
Answer: o First, determine the lower border of the liver by
percussing up from an area of tympany along the right midclavicular
line. Mark the point where tympany changes to dullness, which
usually occurs at or slightly below the costal margin.
o Second, determine the upper border of the liver by percussing
down from an area of resonance along the right midclavicular line.
, Mark the point where resonance changes to dullness, which usually
is in the fifth intercostal space.
o Third, measure the distance between the marks. The vertical liver
span usually ranges from 6 to 12 cm.
◉ Blumberg Sign.
Answer: Rebound tenderness, RLQ, appendicitis, peritoneal
irritation
◉ Cullen sign.
Answer: ecchymosis around umbilicus
-hemoperitoneum, pancreatitis, ectopic pregnancy
◉ Dance sign.
Answer: Absence of bowel sounds, RLQ, intussusception, bowel
obstruction
◉ Grey Turner's sign.
Answer: Ecchymosis of the flanks. Possible rupture of the spleen.
Hemoperitoneum, pancreatitis, pain may radiate to the left shoulder
◉ Kehr's sign.
WITH ANSWER RATIONALES 2026
◉ inspection of abdomen.
Answer: -Abdominal contour
-Symmetry
-Umbilicus
-Skin Color
-Vascularity
-Scars
-Striae
-Lesions or rashes
-Abdominal movement when breathing
-Aortic pulsation
-Have patient raise head while laying down and look for masses
hernia or muscle separation
◉ Abdominal assessment order.
Answer: inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation
Always auscultate prior to percussion and palpation as it can change
sound.
,◉ Abdomen Auscultation.
Answer: Bowel sounds in all four quadrants- note frequency and
character
listen for friction rubs over liver and spleen
listen for bruits over the aortic, renal, illiac and femoral arteries
listen for venous hum around epigastric area above the belly button
◉ Abdominal findings abdomen.
Answer: ○Bruits- A swishing sound heard over the aortic, renal iliac,
and femoral arteries, indicating narrowing or aneurysm.
○Pop/Tinkles- High pitch sound suggesting intestinal fluid and air
under pressure, as in early obstruction.
○Rushes- Rushes of high-pitched sounds that coincide with
cramping suggests intestinal obstruction.
○Borborygmi- Increased prolonged gurgles occur with
gastroenteritis, early intestinal obstruction, and hunger.
,○Rubs- Grating sounds that vary with respiration. Indicate
inflammation of the peritoneal surface of an organ from tumor,
infection, or splenic infarct.
○Venous Hum- A soft humming noise often heard in hepatic
cirrhosis that is caused by increased collateral circulation between
portal and systemic venous system.
○Succussion splash- A splashing noise produced by shaking the body
when there is both gas and fluid in a cavity or free air in the
peritoneum or thorax.
○Decreased/absent bowel sounds- Occurs with peritonitis or
paralytic ileus.
◉ How to percuss to estimate the liver span.
Answer: o First, determine the lower border of the liver by
percussing up from an area of tympany along the right midclavicular
line. Mark the point where tympany changes to dullness, which
usually occurs at or slightly below the costal margin.
o Second, determine the upper border of the liver by percussing
down from an area of resonance along the right midclavicular line.
, Mark the point where resonance changes to dullness, which usually
is in the fifth intercostal space.
o Third, measure the distance between the marks. The vertical liver
span usually ranges from 6 to 12 cm.
◉ Blumberg Sign.
Answer: Rebound tenderness, RLQ, appendicitis, peritoneal
irritation
◉ Cullen sign.
Answer: ecchymosis around umbilicus
-hemoperitoneum, pancreatitis, ectopic pregnancy
◉ Dance sign.
Answer: Absence of bowel sounds, RLQ, intussusception, bowel
obstruction
◉ Grey Turner's sign.
Answer: Ecchymosis of the flanks. Possible rupture of the spleen.
Hemoperitoneum, pancreatitis, pain may radiate to the left shoulder
◉ Kehr's sign.
