MD3 Block 3 Exam UPDATED
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Pronephros - CORRECT ANSWER Week 4, nonfunctional, degenerates
Mesonephros - CORRECT ANSWER Weeks 4-8, forms Wolffian duct, transiently functional
Metanephros - CORRECT ANSWER Permanent kidney; ureteric bud + metanephric
mesenchyme
Ureteric bud gives rise to - CORRECT ANSWER Collecting ducts, calyces, renal pelvis, ureter
Metanephric mesenchyme gives rise to - CORRECT ANSWER Glomerulus through DCT (the
nephron)
GDNF/RET - CORRECT ANSWER Signal pair driving ureteric bud branching
WT1 - CORRECT ANSWER TF in metanephric mesenchyme; mutated in Wilms tumor
WNT9B - CORRECT ANSWER Induces mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition -> nephron
Potter sequence triad - CORRECT ANSWER Oligohydramnios, pulmonary hypoplasia,
limb/facial deformities
Potter sequence resp. distress cause (class answer) - CORRECT ANSWER Insufficient
surfactant production
ADPKD gene - CORRECT ANSWER PKD1 (85%) / PKD2
ARPKD gene/protein - CORRECT ANSWER PKHD1 / fibrocystin (primary cilium)
, Horseshoe kidney trapped by - CORRECT ANSWER Inferior mesenteric artery
Antihypertensive in pregnancy damaging ureteric bud derivatives -> affects - CORRECT ANSWER
Collecting duct
HCTZ site of action embryologic origin - CORRECT ANSWER Metanephric blastema (DCT)
Accessory inferior renal artery cause - CORRECT ANSWER Persistence of a caudal lateral
splanchnic branch that normally regresses
Nutcracker phenomenon vessel compressed - CORRECT ANSWER Left renal vein (between
aorta and SMA)
Left renal vein compression extra finding - CORRECT ANSWER Left-sided varicocele
Bladder trigone derived from - CORRECT ANSWER Mesonephric (Wolffian) duct absorption
Patent urachus = persistence of - CORRECT ANSWER Allantois
Hypospadias cause - CORRECT ANSWER Failure of urethral fold fusion
Bladder exstrophy long-term cancer risk - CORRECT ANSWER Adenocarcinoma of bladder
Persistent cloaca cause - CORRECT ANSWER Failure of urorectal septum descent/fusion
Urothelium handles distension via - CORRECT ANSWER Apical plaques/fusiform vesicles
(uroplakin) unfolding
VUR primary anatomic cause - CORRECT ANSWER Abnormally short intravesical
(submucosal) ureteral segment
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Pronephros - CORRECT ANSWER Week 4, nonfunctional, degenerates
Mesonephros - CORRECT ANSWER Weeks 4-8, forms Wolffian duct, transiently functional
Metanephros - CORRECT ANSWER Permanent kidney; ureteric bud + metanephric
mesenchyme
Ureteric bud gives rise to - CORRECT ANSWER Collecting ducts, calyces, renal pelvis, ureter
Metanephric mesenchyme gives rise to - CORRECT ANSWER Glomerulus through DCT (the
nephron)
GDNF/RET - CORRECT ANSWER Signal pair driving ureteric bud branching
WT1 - CORRECT ANSWER TF in metanephric mesenchyme; mutated in Wilms tumor
WNT9B - CORRECT ANSWER Induces mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition -> nephron
Potter sequence triad - CORRECT ANSWER Oligohydramnios, pulmonary hypoplasia,
limb/facial deformities
Potter sequence resp. distress cause (class answer) - CORRECT ANSWER Insufficient
surfactant production
ADPKD gene - CORRECT ANSWER PKD1 (85%) / PKD2
ARPKD gene/protein - CORRECT ANSWER PKHD1 / fibrocystin (primary cilium)
, Horseshoe kidney trapped by - CORRECT ANSWER Inferior mesenteric artery
Antihypertensive in pregnancy damaging ureteric bud derivatives -> affects - CORRECT ANSWER
Collecting duct
HCTZ site of action embryologic origin - CORRECT ANSWER Metanephric blastema (DCT)
Accessory inferior renal artery cause - CORRECT ANSWER Persistence of a caudal lateral
splanchnic branch that normally regresses
Nutcracker phenomenon vessel compressed - CORRECT ANSWER Left renal vein (between
aorta and SMA)
Left renal vein compression extra finding - CORRECT ANSWER Left-sided varicocele
Bladder trigone derived from - CORRECT ANSWER Mesonephric (Wolffian) duct absorption
Patent urachus = persistence of - CORRECT ANSWER Allantois
Hypospadias cause - CORRECT ANSWER Failure of urethral fold fusion
Bladder exstrophy long-term cancer risk - CORRECT ANSWER Adenocarcinoma of bladder
Persistent cloaca cause - CORRECT ANSWER Failure of urorectal septum descent/fusion
Urothelium handles distension via - CORRECT ANSWER Apical plaques/fusiform vesicles
(uroplakin) unfolding
VUR primary anatomic cause - CORRECT ANSWER Abnormally short intravesical
(submucosal) ureteral segment
