ABSITE – BREAST QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
Which of the following is correct in relation to BRCA1/2 mutations and breast cancer? -
CORRECT ANSWER -
The lifetime risk (by age 70) of developing breast cancer for BRCA1 mutation carriers can be as high as
80%.
(Correct. BRCA mutations carry a 50% to 80% lifetime risk of female breast cancer, a 6% lifetime risk o
f male breast cancer (BRCA2), and a 15% to 25% lifetime risk of ovarian cancer. BRCA1 mutation carrie
rs are more likely to present with breast cancer at a lower age than BRCA2 mutation carriers (peak inc
idence at 45-49 years and 65-
69 years, respectively). It is important to understand these statistics when considering either genetic t
esting or prevention strategies in a known BRCA mutation carrier.)
Which of the following treatments has been shown to provide relief of symptoms in more than 50% of
patients with cyclical breast pain? - CORRECT ANSWER -Evening primrose oil
The most common histologic type of invasive breast cancer is which of the following? -
CORRECT ANSWER -Ductal adenocarcinoma.
Hormone regulation of mammary epithelial development includes: - CORRECT ANSWER -
Initiation of ductal development by estrogen.
Which benign breast disease is associated with an increased risk of malignancy? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Atypical ductal hyperplasia
Which of the following statements regarding steroid hormones and breast cancer is correct?
- The kidney is the principle site of steroid metabolism.
- The rate-
limiting step of steroid hormone biosynthesis involves the conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone
.
-
In postmenopausal women, androgens are produced in the adrenal gland, and adipose tissue is the p
rincipal site for aromatization.
- Circulating steroid hormones are primarily lipid-bound and are thus considered "bioavailable." -
CORRECT ANSWER -
, In postmenopausal women, androgens are produced in the adrenal gland, and adipose tissue is the pri
ncipal site for aromatization.
(In postmenopausal women, androgens are produced in the adrenal gland, and adipose tissue is the p
rincipal site for aromatization. Normal adipose tissue uses promoter I.4 of the CYP19 gene to stimulate
aromatase production; however, breast tumors and their surrounding adipose tissue activate promoto
r II of the CYP19 gene, and the result is a greater expression of aromatase. AIs can reduce estrogen pr
oduction by more than 90% and are classified according to the specificity, potency, and reversibility wi
th which they inhibit the aromatase enzyme.)
Which of the following histologic breast changes is most associated with an increased risk of breast ca
ncer?
- Epithelial hyperplasia with atypia.
- Macro- and microcysts.
- Apocrine metaplasia.
- Fibroadenoma.
- Duct ectasia. - CORRECT ANSWER -Epithelial hyperplasia with atypia.
Pagetc diseasec ofc thec breastc -c CORRECTc ANSWERc -
Pagetc diseasec isc nearlyc alwaysc detectablec oncclinicalc examinationc asc ac crustingc erosioncofc thec nipple.c It
mayc bec lessc subtlec presentingc withc thickeningc rednessc orc roughnesscofcthec nipple,c oſtenc associatedc wit
hc itchingc andc burning.c Itc isc oſtenc associatedc withc subareolarc intraductalc cancer.c Survivalc isc dependentc
u
ponc thec stagec ofcthec accompanyingc breastc cancer.
Ac 42-year-old,c otherwisec healthyc womanc hasc ac new,c 1-
cmc inc diameterc densityc deepc inc thec centralc retroareolarc regioncofc herc rightc breastc onc mammography.c
S
hec hasc noc palpablec abnormalityc oncphysicalc examination.c Noc lesionc isc detectedc onc ultrasonography.c Th
ec bestc diagnosticcoptionc isc -c CORRECTc ANSWERc -stereotacticc corec needlec biopsyc ofcthec breast
Ac 32-
yearc oldc malec presentsc toc clinicc duec toc enlargingc leſtc breast.c Hec statesc thatc hec hasc noticedcthisc "swelli
n
g"c forc thec pastc yearc butc hasc onlyc soughtc medicalc carec nowc becausec itc hasc becomingc noticeablyc largerc
t
hanc hisc rightc breast.c Hec deniesc painc orc nipplec discharge.c Hec deniesc familyc historyc ofc breastc cancerc inc
ei
therc womenc orc menc inc hisc immediatec orc distantc familyc andc steroidc use.c Onc examination,c thec patientc is
veryc muscularc withc ac smoothc rightc breast,c devoidc ofcmasses.c Hisc leſtc breastc isc notedc toc havec rubbery
massc extendingc concentricallyc fromc thec nipple.c Hisc testicularc examc isc normal.c Whatc isc thec appropriate
managementcofcthisc patient?c -c CORRECTc ANSWERc -Mammogramc andc ultrasound
CORRECT ANSWERS
Which of the following is correct in relation to BRCA1/2 mutations and breast cancer? -
CORRECT ANSWER -
The lifetime risk (by age 70) of developing breast cancer for BRCA1 mutation carriers can be as high as
80%.
(Correct. BRCA mutations carry a 50% to 80% lifetime risk of female breast cancer, a 6% lifetime risk o
f male breast cancer (BRCA2), and a 15% to 25% lifetime risk of ovarian cancer. BRCA1 mutation carrie
rs are more likely to present with breast cancer at a lower age than BRCA2 mutation carriers (peak inc
idence at 45-49 years and 65-
69 years, respectively). It is important to understand these statistics when considering either genetic t
esting or prevention strategies in a known BRCA mutation carrier.)
Which of the following treatments has been shown to provide relief of symptoms in more than 50% of
patients with cyclical breast pain? - CORRECT ANSWER -Evening primrose oil
The most common histologic type of invasive breast cancer is which of the following? -
CORRECT ANSWER -Ductal adenocarcinoma.
Hormone regulation of mammary epithelial development includes: - CORRECT ANSWER -
Initiation of ductal development by estrogen.
Which benign breast disease is associated with an increased risk of malignancy? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Atypical ductal hyperplasia
Which of the following statements regarding steroid hormones and breast cancer is correct?
- The kidney is the principle site of steroid metabolism.
- The rate-
limiting step of steroid hormone biosynthesis involves the conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone
.
-
In postmenopausal women, androgens are produced in the adrenal gland, and adipose tissue is the p
rincipal site for aromatization.
- Circulating steroid hormones are primarily lipid-bound and are thus considered "bioavailable." -
CORRECT ANSWER -
, In postmenopausal women, androgens are produced in the adrenal gland, and adipose tissue is the pri
ncipal site for aromatization.
(In postmenopausal women, androgens are produced in the adrenal gland, and adipose tissue is the p
rincipal site for aromatization. Normal adipose tissue uses promoter I.4 of the CYP19 gene to stimulate
aromatase production; however, breast tumors and their surrounding adipose tissue activate promoto
r II of the CYP19 gene, and the result is a greater expression of aromatase. AIs can reduce estrogen pr
oduction by more than 90% and are classified according to the specificity, potency, and reversibility wi
th which they inhibit the aromatase enzyme.)
Which of the following histologic breast changes is most associated with an increased risk of breast ca
ncer?
- Epithelial hyperplasia with atypia.
- Macro- and microcysts.
- Apocrine metaplasia.
- Fibroadenoma.
- Duct ectasia. - CORRECT ANSWER -Epithelial hyperplasia with atypia.
Pagetc diseasec ofc thec breastc -c CORRECTc ANSWERc -
Pagetc diseasec isc nearlyc alwaysc detectablec oncclinicalc examinationc asc ac crustingc erosioncofc thec nipple.c It
mayc bec lessc subtlec presentingc withc thickeningc rednessc orc roughnesscofcthec nipple,c oſtenc associatedc wit
hc itchingc andc burning.c Itc isc oſtenc associatedc withc subareolarc intraductalc cancer.c Survivalc isc dependentc
u
ponc thec stagec ofcthec accompanyingc breastc cancer.
Ac 42-year-old,c otherwisec healthyc womanc hasc ac new,c 1-
cmc inc diameterc densityc deepc inc thec centralc retroareolarc regioncofc herc rightc breastc onc mammography.c
S
hec hasc noc palpablec abnormalityc oncphysicalc examination.c Noc lesionc isc detectedc onc ultrasonography.c Th
ec bestc diagnosticcoptionc isc -c CORRECTc ANSWERc -stereotacticc corec needlec biopsyc ofcthec breast
Ac 32-
yearc oldc malec presentsc toc clinicc duec toc enlargingc leſtc breast.c Hec statesc thatc hec hasc noticedcthisc "swelli
n
g"c forc thec pastc yearc butc hasc onlyc soughtc medicalc carec nowc becausec itc hasc becomingc noticeablyc largerc
t
hanc hisc rightc breast.c Hec deniesc painc orc nipplec discharge.c Hec deniesc familyc historyc ofc breastc cancerc inc
ei
therc womenc orc menc inc hisc immediatec orc distantc familyc andc steroidc use.c Onc examination,c thec patientc is
veryc muscularc withc ac smoothc rightc breast,c devoidc ofcmasses.c Hisc leſtc breastc isc notedc toc havec rubbery
massc extendingc concentricallyc fromc thec nipple.c Hisc testicularc examc isc normal.c Whatc isc thec appropriate
managementcofcthisc patient?c -c CORRECTc ANSWERc -Mammogramc andc ultrasound
