BSC 108 STUDY EXAMS GUIDE ANSWERS AND
QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔Fermentation produces what in yeast cells? - ✔✔Ethanol
✔✔Fermentation produces what in muscle cells? - ✔✔Lactic acid
✔✔What can cell reproduction function in? - ✔✔Reproduction
Growth & development
Repair & renewal
✔✔___ are combined with ___ to form chromatin - ✔✔DNA molecules
Proteins
✔✔What is the substance of chromosomes? - ✔✔Chromatin
✔✔What is the cell cycle? - ✔✔The life of a cell from the time it is first formed from a
dividing parent cell until its own division into two cells
✔✔The cell cycle consists of what? - ✔✔Interphase
Mitosis
✔✔DNA replicates ___ cell division (mitosis) - ✔✔Before
✔✔During what phase does DNA replicate? - ✔✔During the S or synthesis phase of
interphase
✔✔A duplicated chromosomes consists of what? Where are these joined? - ✔✔Two
sister chromatids
The centromere
✔✔What are the stages of interphase? - ✔✔G1 phase
Synthesis (S)
G2 phase
, ✔✔Cell division consists of what? - ✔✔Mitosis and Cytokinesis
✔✔In cell division, what is the division of the nucleus? - ✔✔Mitosis
✔✔In cell division, what is the division of the cytoplasm? - ✔✔Cytokinesis
✔✔When the spindle forms, the assembly of its microtubules is directed by what? -
✔✔The centrosome
✔✔What is the function of the spindle? - ✔✔To help separate sister chromatids in
mitosis by attaching to the centromere of a duplicated chromosomes and pulling sister
chromatids to opposite poles of the cell
✔✔What are the stages of mitosis? - ✔✔Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
✔✔The cell cycle is regulated by what? - ✔✔A molecular control system
✔✔What does the molecular control system direct during the cell cycle? - ✔✔The
sequential events of the cycle
✔✔What are the checkpoints of the cell cycle? - ✔✔G1 checkpoint
G2 checkpoint
M checkpoint
✔✔During the cell cycle, what happens during a checkpoint if there is an error? Why is
this important? - ✔✔A cell stops itself from dividing
This prevents cancer and abnormal cells
✔✔What is cancer? - ✔✔An error in the cell cycle in which a cell gets past a checkpoint
and divides uncontrollably, forming a tumor
✔✔Reproductive cells (sperm and egg cells) are called what? - ✔✔Gametes
✔✔All other cells besides reproductive cells are called what? - ✔✔Somatic cells (body
cells)
✔✔What are homologous chromosomes? - ✔✔Two chromosomes composing a pair,
one from the mother and one from the father
QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔Fermentation produces what in yeast cells? - ✔✔Ethanol
✔✔Fermentation produces what in muscle cells? - ✔✔Lactic acid
✔✔What can cell reproduction function in? - ✔✔Reproduction
Growth & development
Repair & renewal
✔✔___ are combined with ___ to form chromatin - ✔✔DNA molecules
Proteins
✔✔What is the substance of chromosomes? - ✔✔Chromatin
✔✔What is the cell cycle? - ✔✔The life of a cell from the time it is first formed from a
dividing parent cell until its own division into two cells
✔✔The cell cycle consists of what? - ✔✔Interphase
Mitosis
✔✔DNA replicates ___ cell division (mitosis) - ✔✔Before
✔✔During what phase does DNA replicate? - ✔✔During the S or synthesis phase of
interphase
✔✔A duplicated chromosomes consists of what? Where are these joined? - ✔✔Two
sister chromatids
The centromere
✔✔What are the stages of interphase? - ✔✔G1 phase
Synthesis (S)
G2 phase
, ✔✔Cell division consists of what? - ✔✔Mitosis and Cytokinesis
✔✔In cell division, what is the division of the nucleus? - ✔✔Mitosis
✔✔In cell division, what is the division of the cytoplasm? - ✔✔Cytokinesis
✔✔When the spindle forms, the assembly of its microtubules is directed by what? -
✔✔The centrosome
✔✔What is the function of the spindle? - ✔✔To help separate sister chromatids in
mitosis by attaching to the centromere of a duplicated chromosomes and pulling sister
chromatids to opposite poles of the cell
✔✔What are the stages of mitosis? - ✔✔Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
✔✔The cell cycle is regulated by what? - ✔✔A molecular control system
✔✔What does the molecular control system direct during the cell cycle? - ✔✔The
sequential events of the cycle
✔✔What are the checkpoints of the cell cycle? - ✔✔G1 checkpoint
G2 checkpoint
M checkpoint
✔✔During the cell cycle, what happens during a checkpoint if there is an error? Why is
this important? - ✔✔A cell stops itself from dividing
This prevents cancer and abnormal cells
✔✔What is cancer? - ✔✔An error in the cell cycle in which a cell gets past a checkpoint
and divides uncontrollably, forming a tumor
✔✔Reproductive cells (sperm and egg cells) are called what? - ✔✔Gametes
✔✔All other cells besides reproductive cells are called what? - ✔✔Somatic cells (body
cells)
✔✔What are homologous chromosomes? - ✔✔Two chromosomes composing a pair,
one from the mother and one from the father
