MGMT 320 EXAMINATION SET ANSWERS AND
QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔Social Envoirment - ✔✔- Much less acceptance of class differences
✔✔Legal Political Round Environment - ✔✔- Changes giving workers more protection
✔✔Chester Barnard - ✔✔- Acceptance theory of authority
- The subordinate's willingness to comply with order defines authority
- People in his day did not accept his theory because it made their jobs harder
✔✔Mary Parker Follett - ✔✔1. Importance of group relationships
2. Power is dynamic
3. Conflict should be resolved with mutually satisfying solutions
✔✔Importance of group relationships - ✔✔- Subordinates have groups and people in
these groups have authority (to define power) that did not show up on the formal
hierarchy
✔✔Power is dynamic - ✔✔- Power shifts to different people in different situations
- They look to the person with the most knowledge in a situation for leadership
- (today: its referred to "expert power")
✔✔Conflict should be resolved with mutually satisfying solutions - ✔✔- Integrating
solutions
- If you have subordinates in conflict, you need (as the manager) needs to find a
solution to the conflict that includes elements of both subordinates' sides
- If you do not, the conflict will keep coming back in different forms
- EX. Fight over dishes only happens because built up tension over an unresolved
problems prior to the dishes
✔✔Elton Mayo - ✔✔Hawthorne Studies
- Were conducted by the western electric company in Chicago (1929-1932)
- Measured productivity under different lighting conditions
, - Workers had a signal when to slow down so they could continue being subjects
- Elton, A Harvard psychologist, was enlisted to research further after inconclusive
results
✔✔Conclusions of Hawthorne Studies - ✔✔1. A worker's attitude toward management
affects the worker's performance (officially known as the Hawthorne Effect.)
2. There are informal organizations within formal organizations
3. There are accepted norms of behavior that differ from formal norms and behaviors
✔✔Unofficial Hawthorne Effect - ✔✔Test subjects may perform differently because they
know they are test subjects
✔✔Human Relations Movement - ✔✔- Is a behavioral viewpoint
- Developed from mayo's conclusions
- Managers need to be trained to manage in ways that increase cooperation and
therefore, productivity
✔✔Abraham Maslow - ✔✔- His theories have a focus of motivation
- Famous for his Hierarchy of needs
- All people have a hierarchy (lowest to highest) of needs, and at anytime someone is
motivated by rewards that will satisfy their lowest level of unsatisfied needs
✔✔Self Actualization - ✔✔To take on and meet new challages
✔✔Esteem - ✔✔The need to be recognized for our accomplishments
✔✔Social - ✔✔The need to be an accepted part of a social unit
✔✔Safety - ✔✔Making sure your physiological needs will be met into the future
✔✔Physiological - ✔✔- Existence, human body
- Maslow would be focused on food, sleep, shelter
- EX: Look both ways before walking across the street
✔✔Application - ✔✔Managers need to recognize the level of needs subordinates have
satisfied in order to develop reward systems that motivate them
✔✔Problems in Applying Maslow - ✔✔1. Identifying where a subordinate is on the
needs hierarchy
2. People move up and down the needs hierarchy
3. People receiving the same rewards may be satisfying different levels of needs
4. If you offer people different rewards, they will not respond how the manager expects
if they perceive inequity
QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔Social Envoirment - ✔✔- Much less acceptance of class differences
✔✔Legal Political Round Environment - ✔✔- Changes giving workers more protection
✔✔Chester Barnard - ✔✔- Acceptance theory of authority
- The subordinate's willingness to comply with order defines authority
- People in his day did not accept his theory because it made their jobs harder
✔✔Mary Parker Follett - ✔✔1. Importance of group relationships
2. Power is dynamic
3. Conflict should be resolved with mutually satisfying solutions
✔✔Importance of group relationships - ✔✔- Subordinates have groups and people in
these groups have authority (to define power) that did not show up on the formal
hierarchy
✔✔Power is dynamic - ✔✔- Power shifts to different people in different situations
- They look to the person with the most knowledge in a situation for leadership
- (today: its referred to "expert power")
✔✔Conflict should be resolved with mutually satisfying solutions - ✔✔- Integrating
solutions
- If you have subordinates in conflict, you need (as the manager) needs to find a
solution to the conflict that includes elements of both subordinates' sides
- If you do not, the conflict will keep coming back in different forms
- EX. Fight over dishes only happens because built up tension over an unresolved
problems prior to the dishes
✔✔Elton Mayo - ✔✔Hawthorne Studies
- Were conducted by the western electric company in Chicago (1929-1932)
- Measured productivity under different lighting conditions
, - Workers had a signal when to slow down so they could continue being subjects
- Elton, A Harvard psychologist, was enlisted to research further after inconclusive
results
✔✔Conclusions of Hawthorne Studies - ✔✔1. A worker's attitude toward management
affects the worker's performance (officially known as the Hawthorne Effect.)
2. There are informal organizations within formal organizations
3. There are accepted norms of behavior that differ from formal norms and behaviors
✔✔Unofficial Hawthorne Effect - ✔✔Test subjects may perform differently because they
know they are test subjects
✔✔Human Relations Movement - ✔✔- Is a behavioral viewpoint
- Developed from mayo's conclusions
- Managers need to be trained to manage in ways that increase cooperation and
therefore, productivity
✔✔Abraham Maslow - ✔✔- His theories have a focus of motivation
- Famous for his Hierarchy of needs
- All people have a hierarchy (lowest to highest) of needs, and at anytime someone is
motivated by rewards that will satisfy their lowest level of unsatisfied needs
✔✔Self Actualization - ✔✔To take on and meet new challages
✔✔Esteem - ✔✔The need to be recognized for our accomplishments
✔✔Social - ✔✔The need to be an accepted part of a social unit
✔✔Safety - ✔✔Making sure your physiological needs will be met into the future
✔✔Physiological - ✔✔- Existence, human body
- Maslow would be focused on food, sleep, shelter
- EX: Look both ways before walking across the street
✔✔Application - ✔✔Managers need to recognize the level of needs subordinates have
satisfied in order to develop reward systems that motivate them
✔✔Problems in Applying Maslow - ✔✔1. Identifying where a subordinate is on the
needs hierarchy
2. People move up and down the needs hierarchy
3. People receiving the same rewards may be satisfying different levels of needs
4. If you offer people different rewards, they will not respond how the manager expects
if they perceive inequity
