MGMT 320 CORE REVIEW ANSWERS AND
QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔Henry Towne - ✔✔Co-founder of Yale lock company, presented a paper to the
American Society of mechanical engineers
✔✔The "traditional" classical viewpoint - ✔✔2 sub parts -> 2 school thoughts
1. Scientific Management
- specialization & division of labor
- studying business process to identify the best process
2. Administrative Managment
- same as scientific
- this group added the idea of coordination
✔✔Economic Enviorment - ✔✔- Industrial revolution
- Very rapidly growing economy
- New ways to produce increased production
- Shortages of manufactured goods
- If produced useful, someone would buy it
Therefore, increasing output was the objective
✔✔Technical Side - ✔✔- Rapidly changing technology
- Engineers increased the potential productivity of businesses, which increased the
business complexity
Therefore, engineers are hired to make business run smoothly
✔✔Social - ✔✔- An acceptance in difference in social classes
- Little consideration in business for laborers
✔✔Legal/Political - ✔✔Almost no legal protection for workers
✔✔Fredrick Taylor - ✔✔- Identified systematic soldiering and natural soldiering as
productivity problems
- Had a method to overcome soldiering
, ✔✔Natural Soldiering - ✔✔The human tendency to "take it easy" if possible
✔✔Systematic Soldiering - ✔✔Peer pressure not to produce more than whats required
✔✔How to overcome soldiering - ✔✔- Divide work and responsibility so managers plan
to work methods, and workers are responsible for preforming the work
- Managers studies each task and develops the best method for preforming the task
- Time and motion studies will maximize productivity by optimizing the human machine
relationship
✔✔Management selects appropriate workers and trains them in the best method to
preform the task - ✔✔1. Get the right person for the job
2. Train them
3. Pay for performance
✔✔Frank & Lillian Gilbreth - ✔✔- Efficiency experts who conducted time and motion
studies
- Used motion pictures to study the performance tasks
- Reduced the motions of bricklayers from 18 to 5
- Developed the keyboard for the typewriter
✔✔Time and Motion Studies, the most efficient way to do a job... - ✔✔- BEFORE the
Gilbreths, people thought the fastest way to preform it once. Through optimizing the
series of tasks within the job
- Gilbreths added 2 things
- 1. Using the most advanced technology for studying jobs
- 2. They added the concept of fatigue to the idea of preforming a job once to a whole
work period
✔✔Max Weber - ✔✔- bureaucracy
- businesses should be run in a systematic and rational manner
1. Specialization of labor
2. Formalization (documented rules)
3. Impersonal
4. Well defined hierarchy (well defined jobs)
✔✔Specialization - ✔✔The same person does a job on a regular basis
- Faster
- Fewer Mistakes
✔✔Formalized Rules - ✔✔Efficient, reduces innovation
✔✔Impersonal ideas - ✔✔Decisions are based on what's best for the business
QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔Henry Towne - ✔✔Co-founder of Yale lock company, presented a paper to the
American Society of mechanical engineers
✔✔The "traditional" classical viewpoint - ✔✔2 sub parts -> 2 school thoughts
1. Scientific Management
- specialization & division of labor
- studying business process to identify the best process
2. Administrative Managment
- same as scientific
- this group added the idea of coordination
✔✔Economic Enviorment - ✔✔- Industrial revolution
- Very rapidly growing economy
- New ways to produce increased production
- Shortages of manufactured goods
- If produced useful, someone would buy it
Therefore, increasing output was the objective
✔✔Technical Side - ✔✔- Rapidly changing technology
- Engineers increased the potential productivity of businesses, which increased the
business complexity
Therefore, engineers are hired to make business run smoothly
✔✔Social - ✔✔- An acceptance in difference in social classes
- Little consideration in business for laborers
✔✔Legal/Political - ✔✔Almost no legal protection for workers
✔✔Fredrick Taylor - ✔✔- Identified systematic soldiering and natural soldiering as
productivity problems
- Had a method to overcome soldiering
, ✔✔Natural Soldiering - ✔✔The human tendency to "take it easy" if possible
✔✔Systematic Soldiering - ✔✔Peer pressure not to produce more than whats required
✔✔How to overcome soldiering - ✔✔- Divide work and responsibility so managers plan
to work methods, and workers are responsible for preforming the work
- Managers studies each task and develops the best method for preforming the task
- Time and motion studies will maximize productivity by optimizing the human machine
relationship
✔✔Management selects appropriate workers and trains them in the best method to
preform the task - ✔✔1. Get the right person for the job
2. Train them
3. Pay for performance
✔✔Frank & Lillian Gilbreth - ✔✔- Efficiency experts who conducted time and motion
studies
- Used motion pictures to study the performance tasks
- Reduced the motions of bricklayers from 18 to 5
- Developed the keyboard for the typewriter
✔✔Time and Motion Studies, the most efficient way to do a job... - ✔✔- BEFORE the
Gilbreths, people thought the fastest way to preform it once. Through optimizing the
series of tasks within the job
- Gilbreths added 2 things
- 1. Using the most advanced technology for studying jobs
- 2. They added the concept of fatigue to the idea of preforming a job once to a whole
work period
✔✔Max Weber - ✔✔- bureaucracy
- businesses should be run in a systematic and rational manner
1. Specialization of labor
2. Formalization (documented rules)
3. Impersonal
4. Well defined hierarchy (well defined jobs)
✔✔Specialization - ✔✔The same person does a job on a regular basis
- Faster
- Fewer Mistakes
✔✔Formalized Rules - ✔✔Efficient, reduces innovation
✔✔Impersonal ideas - ✔✔Decisions are based on what's best for the business
