OMSA STUDY MATERIAL COMPLETE LATEST FINAL EXAM UPDATED FOR 2026-
2027 ACTUAL QUESTIONS WITH 100% CERTIFIED, ELABORATED & VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS
SEC meds to give during anaphylactic shock
2nd- corticosteroid (Decadron) to combat overwhelmed immune response
THIRD med to give during anaphylactic shock
3rd- Antihistamine (Benadryl) to prevent chemical histamine from being released
WBC
fights infection
RBC
oxygenates
Platelets
clotting cells
'd'
dextrose - a kind of sugar
'5'
indicated 5% concentration of dextrose
'w'
stands for water
'NS'
normal saline (salt water)
'LR'
lactated ringer (like saline, but has more electrolytes (potassium))
What is the difference between IV fluids
their tonicity - particles dissolved in the fluid, mostly salt and sugar NaCl Glucose)
Isotonic Fluid
,amount of particles in the fluid is just like the human body
Normal Physiologic Tonicity of Human Fluid
.9%
what is the preferred iv fluid solution for surgeries
NS (normal saline) or LR (lactated ringer)
Why is dextrose not normally used in surgery?
it metabolizes too rapidly
Complications of Venipuncture
intra arterial inj
air embolism
compartment syndrome
phlebitis
extravasation
Phlebitis
inflammation inside the vein due to chemical drugs or physical trauma
Treatment for Phlebitis
elevation
moist heat
NSAIDS (motrin or advil)
Extravasation
fluid foes outside a vein which leads to swelling around IV site causing a slow drip
,Intra- arterial Inj
medication goes into artery instead of a vein which caused artery to spasm leading to limited
blood supply to limbs
What to do after intra arterial inj?
inject 10cc of 1% procaine to numb arterial walls and pack ice around the arm AND GO TO
HOSPITAL
Air Embolus
A bubble of air in the blood stream that prevents blood from becoming oxygenated by lungs
Compartment Syndrome
Facia surrounding the muscle does not expand and pressure builds up around the muscle
Compartment Syndrome Treatment
Fasiotomy to release pressure
mg/cc
milligram per cubic centimeter
grams
unit for mass (dry weight)
miligrams
One thousandth of a gram
Cc
cubic centimeter (usually liquid)
5% means _______
5 grams in 100cc
1:100,000
, Reversal Agent for Benzodiazepines
Flumazenil (Romazicon)
Reversal Agents for opioids (Demerol, fentanyl, morphine)
Narcan (Naloxone)
Narcan (naloxone)
Wear off before the effects of the opioid wear off causing re sedation/ respiratory depression
laryngospasm
spasm of the laryngeal muscles, causing a constriction
Laryngospasm characteristics
Attempts at inspiration, suprasternal notch retraction, chest-abdominal rocking in attempt to
expand the rib cage
*high pitched crowing AKA Stridor
Treatment for Laryngospasm
Pack off surgical site, clear the pharynx of secretion, delivery 100% oxygen, open up airway by
repositioning pt
Advanced Laryngospam Treatment
Administer 10-20mg of Anectine (paralyzing agent)
Vasovagal Syncope
Fainting due to sudden drop in heart rate.
Vasovagal Syncope Treatment
-Place pt in trendelenburg position (head lower than heart)
-oxygen
-cool moist towel on forehead
ASA Class 1
Normal healthy patient
ASA Class II
Mild systemic disease; non-debilitating
ex: 30yo with asthma
2027 ACTUAL QUESTIONS WITH 100% CERTIFIED, ELABORATED & VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS
SEC meds to give during anaphylactic shock
2nd- corticosteroid (Decadron) to combat overwhelmed immune response
THIRD med to give during anaphylactic shock
3rd- Antihistamine (Benadryl) to prevent chemical histamine from being released
WBC
fights infection
RBC
oxygenates
Platelets
clotting cells
'd'
dextrose - a kind of sugar
'5'
indicated 5% concentration of dextrose
'w'
stands for water
'NS'
normal saline (salt water)
'LR'
lactated ringer (like saline, but has more electrolytes (potassium))
What is the difference between IV fluids
their tonicity - particles dissolved in the fluid, mostly salt and sugar NaCl Glucose)
Isotonic Fluid
,amount of particles in the fluid is just like the human body
Normal Physiologic Tonicity of Human Fluid
.9%
what is the preferred iv fluid solution for surgeries
NS (normal saline) or LR (lactated ringer)
Why is dextrose not normally used in surgery?
it metabolizes too rapidly
Complications of Venipuncture
intra arterial inj
air embolism
compartment syndrome
phlebitis
extravasation
Phlebitis
inflammation inside the vein due to chemical drugs or physical trauma
Treatment for Phlebitis
elevation
moist heat
NSAIDS (motrin or advil)
Extravasation
fluid foes outside a vein which leads to swelling around IV site causing a slow drip
,Intra- arterial Inj
medication goes into artery instead of a vein which caused artery to spasm leading to limited
blood supply to limbs
What to do after intra arterial inj?
inject 10cc of 1% procaine to numb arterial walls and pack ice around the arm AND GO TO
HOSPITAL
Air Embolus
A bubble of air in the blood stream that prevents blood from becoming oxygenated by lungs
Compartment Syndrome
Facia surrounding the muscle does not expand and pressure builds up around the muscle
Compartment Syndrome Treatment
Fasiotomy to release pressure
mg/cc
milligram per cubic centimeter
grams
unit for mass (dry weight)
miligrams
One thousandth of a gram
Cc
cubic centimeter (usually liquid)
5% means _______
5 grams in 100cc
1:100,000
, Reversal Agent for Benzodiazepines
Flumazenil (Romazicon)
Reversal Agents for opioids (Demerol, fentanyl, morphine)
Narcan (Naloxone)
Narcan (naloxone)
Wear off before the effects of the opioid wear off causing re sedation/ respiratory depression
laryngospasm
spasm of the laryngeal muscles, causing a constriction
Laryngospasm characteristics
Attempts at inspiration, suprasternal notch retraction, chest-abdominal rocking in attempt to
expand the rib cage
*high pitched crowing AKA Stridor
Treatment for Laryngospasm
Pack off surgical site, clear the pharynx of secretion, delivery 100% oxygen, open up airway by
repositioning pt
Advanced Laryngospam Treatment
Administer 10-20mg of Anectine (paralyzing agent)
Vasovagal Syncope
Fainting due to sudden drop in heart rate.
Vasovagal Syncope Treatment
-Place pt in trendelenburg position (head lower than heart)
-oxygen
-cool moist towel on forehead
ASA Class 1
Normal healthy patient
ASA Class II
Mild systemic disease; non-debilitating
ex: 30yo with asthma
