WGU D426 V3 DATA MANAGEMENT
FOUNDATIONS OA MASTER EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. A relation is in Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF) if and only if which of the following
conditions is met?
A. Every non-key attribute is fully functionally dependent on the primary key.
B. The relation is in Second Normal Form and has no composite keys.
C. There are no transitive dependencies between non-key attributes.
D. Every determinant in the relation is a candidate key.
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: BCNF is a stronger version of 3NF. It requires that for every
functional dependency X -> Y, X must be a superkey (or candidate key).
2. In the context of the 3-schema architecture, which level describes how the data is actually
stored on disk?
A. Physical Level
B. External Level
,C. Conceptual Level
D. Logical Level
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: The Physical (or Internal) level describes the physical storage
structures and access paths.
3. Which relational algebra operation is equivalent to the SQL ‘SELECT DISTINCT
column_name’ statement?
A. Selection (sigma)
B. Projection (pi)
C. Join (bowtie)
D. Union (U)
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Projection (pi) extracts specific columns from a relation and
automatically removes duplicate tuples, matching the behavior of SELECT DISTINCT.
4. Which of the following describes a ‘Transitive Dependency’ in database normalization?
A. Multiple attributes depend on a single candidate key.
B. A non-key attribute depends on only part of a composite primary key.
C. An attribute depends on the entire primary key.
, D. A non-key attribute depends on another non-key attribute.
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Transitive dependency occurs when a non-key attribute is
functionally dependent on another non-key attribute, which is the primary focus of 3rd
Normal Form.
5. In a Crow’s Foot ERD, what does a circle near the end of a relationship line represent
regarding modality?
A. Required (1)
B. Optional (0)
C. Exactly one
D. Many
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: In Crow’s Foot notation, a circle indicates a minimum cardinality
(modality) of zero, meaning the relationship is optional.
6. What is the effect of the SQL ‘ON DELETE CASCADE’ referential integrity constraint?
A. Prevents the deletion of a parent row if child rows exist.
B. Deletes all related rows in the child table when a row in the parent table is deleted.
C. Sets the foreign key values in the child rows to NULL when the parent is deleted.
D. Sets the foreign key values in the child rows to a default value.
FOUNDATIONS OA MASTER EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. A relation is in Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF) if and only if which of the following
conditions is met?
A. Every non-key attribute is fully functionally dependent on the primary key.
B. The relation is in Second Normal Form and has no composite keys.
C. There are no transitive dependencies between non-key attributes.
D. Every determinant in the relation is a candidate key.
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: BCNF is a stronger version of 3NF. It requires that for every
functional dependency X -> Y, X must be a superkey (or candidate key).
2. In the context of the 3-schema architecture, which level describes how the data is actually
stored on disk?
A. Physical Level
B. External Level
,C. Conceptual Level
D. Logical Level
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: The Physical (or Internal) level describes the physical storage
structures and access paths.
3. Which relational algebra operation is equivalent to the SQL ‘SELECT DISTINCT
column_name’ statement?
A. Selection (sigma)
B. Projection (pi)
C. Join (bowtie)
D. Union (U)
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Projection (pi) extracts specific columns from a relation and
automatically removes duplicate tuples, matching the behavior of SELECT DISTINCT.
4. Which of the following describes a ‘Transitive Dependency’ in database normalization?
A. Multiple attributes depend on a single candidate key.
B. A non-key attribute depends on only part of a composite primary key.
C. An attribute depends on the entire primary key.
, D. A non-key attribute depends on another non-key attribute.
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Transitive dependency occurs when a non-key attribute is
functionally dependent on another non-key attribute, which is the primary focus of 3rd
Normal Form.
5. In a Crow’s Foot ERD, what does a circle near the end of a relationship line represent
regarding modality?
A. Required (1)
B. Optional (0)
C. Exactly one
D. Many
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: In Crow’s Foot notation, a circle indicates a minimum cardinality
(modality) of zero, meaning the relationship is optional.
6. What is the effect of the SQL ‘ON DELETE CASCADE’ referential integrity constraint?
A. Prevents the deletion of a parent row if child rows exist.
B. Deletes all related rows in the child table when a row in the parent table is deleted.
C. Sets the foreign key values in the child rows to NULL when the parent is deleted.
D. Sets the foreign key values in the child rows to a default value.
