OMSA NOTES REVIEW COMPLETE LATEST FINAL EXAM UPDATED FOR 2026- 2027
ACTUAL QUESTIONS WITH 100% CERTIFIED, ELABORATED & VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS
What is the origin, rate, rhythm, p waves, and QRS complex of Supraventricular Tachycardia?
Origin: ventricles, rate usually 150-250 bpm, rhythm: regular, P waves: often hidden, difficult to
see, ORS complex: narrow
What is the origin, rate, rhythm, and p waves of Atrial Fibrillation?
origin: Atria, rate: often fast, rhythm: irregularly irregular, P waves: absent, usually no pattern.
What is the origin, rate, rhythm, and p waves of Atrial Flutter?
origin: atria, rate: often fast, rhythm: regular or patterned, p waves: "sawtooth" flutter waves.
What is the origin, rate, rhythm, and QRS complex of Ventricular Tachycardia?
Origin: ventricles, Rate: often 150-250 bpm, rhythm: usually regular, QRS: wide complexes
What is the origin, rate, rhythm, and treatment of Ventricular fibrillation?
origin: ventricles, rate: no pulse, rhythm: chaotic, no organized rhythm, treatment: CPR + AED +
Defibrillation
Definition of focus or foci.
a central point for the origin of an impulse (a pacemaker); the impulse at the focus.
Definition of ectopic.
not at the right place; displaced
Definition of ectopic foci.
are displaced central point in various parts of the heart where impulses can start (a displaced
pacemaker)
Definition of heart conduction system.
the pathway that carries the electrical impulse that tells the heart when to contract and pump
blood.
What is the order of impulse, heart conduction system?
SA (sinoatrial) Node, AV (atrioventricular) Node, bundle of his (AV bundle), right and left bundle
branches, purkinje fibers.
, What is the definition of Normal Sinus Rhythm (NSR)?
it is the heart beating in a normal, organized rhythm controlled by the SA Node (hearts natural
pacemaker)
Explain the order of impulse, Normal sinus rhythm.
SA Node fires an electrical impulse, impulse travels through atria: atria contracts, the impulse
goes to AV node, travels through the Bundle of His: to bundle branches, to purkinje fibers,
ventricles contract and pump blood.
What do the main waves, P waves, QRS complex, and T wave represent?
they represent different parts of the heart beat.
Vital Sign; Blood pressure
120/80 mmHg
Vital Sign; Heart Rate
60-100 beats per minute
Vital sign; Respiratory rate
12-20 breaths per minute
Vital Signs ETco2
35-45 mmHg
Definition of blood pressure.
is the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps blood through
the body.
Definition of systolic pressure (top number)
pressure when the heart contracts and pumps blood out, represents maximum pressure in the
arteries.
Diastolic pressure (bottom number)
pressure when the heart relaxes between beats; represents the resting pressure in the arteries
What does ephedrine treat and what does it do?
treats hypotension, low bp; it increases blood pressure by increasing heart rate and vascular
tone.
ACTUAL QUESTIONS WITH 100% CERTIFIED, ELABORATED & VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS
What is the origin, rate, rhythm, p waves, and QRS complex of Supraventricular Tachycardia?
Origin: ventricles, rate usually 150-250 bpm, rhythm: regular, P waves: often hidden, difficult to
see, ORS complex: narrow
What is the origin, rate, rhythm, and p waves of Atrial Fibrillation?
origin: Atria, rate: often fast, rhythm: irregularly irregular, P waves: absent, usually no pattern.
What is the origin, rate, rhythm, and p waves of Atrial Flutter?
origin: atria, rate: often fast, rhythm: regular or patterned, p waves: "sawtooth" flutter waves.
What is the origin, rate, rhythm, and QRS complex of Ventricular Tachycardia?
Origin: ventricles, Rate: often 150-250 bpm, rhythm: usually regular, QRS: wide complexes
What is the origin, rate, rhythm, and treatment of Ventricular fibrillation?
origin: ventricles, rate: no pulse, rhythm: chaotic, no organized rhythm, treatment: CPR + AED +
Defibrillation
Definition of focus or foci.
a central point for the origin of an impulse (a pacemaker); the impulse at the focus.
Definition of ectopic.
not at the right place; displaced
Definition of ectopic foci.
are displaced central point in various parts of the heart where impulses can start (a displaced
pacemaker)
Definition of heart conduction system.
the pathway that carries the electrical impulse that tells the heart when to contract and pump
blood.
What is the order of impulse, heart conduction system?
SA (sinoatrial) Node, AV (atrioventricular) Node, bundle of his (AV bundle), right and left bundle
branches, purkinje fibers.
, What is the definition of Normal Sinus Rhythm (NSR)?
it is the heart beating in a normal, organized rhythm controlled by the SA Node (hearts natural
pacemaker)
Explain the order of impulse, Normal sinus rhythm.
SA Node fires an electrical impulse, impulse travels through atria: atria contracts, the impulse
goes to AV node, travels through the Bundle of His: to bundle branches, to purkinje fibers,
ventricles contract and pump blood.
What do the main waves, P waves, QRS complex, and T wave represent?
they represent different parts of the heart beat.
Vital Sign; Blood pressure
120/80 mmHg
Vital Sign; Heart Rate
60-100 beats per minute
Vital sign; Respiratory rate
12-20 breaths per minute
Vital Signs ETco2
35-45 mmHg
Definition of blood pressure.
is the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps blood through
the body.
Definition of systolic pressure (top number)
pressure when the heart contracts and pumps blood out, represents maximum pressure in the
arteries.
Diastolic pressure (bottom number)
pressure when the heart relaxes between beats; represents the resting pressure in the arteries
What does ephedrine treat and what does it do?
treats hypotension, low bp; it increases blood pressure by increasing heart rate and vascular
tone.
