NURS6501 ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
PREP QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. Which process is responsible for the movement of water between the interstitial and
intracellular compartments?
A. Active transport
B. Osmosis
C. Filtration
D. Diffusion
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Osmosis is the primary process for water movement across cell
membranes, driven by osmotic pressure gradients.
2. In the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), what is the direct effect of
Angiotensin II on the vascular system?
A. Systemic vasodilation
B. Increased renal excretion of sodium
,C. Systemic vasoconstriction
D. Decreased secretion of aldosterone
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor that increases
systemic blood pressure.
3. Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is mediated by IgE and involves mast cell
degranulation?
A. Type III
B. Type II
C. Type I
D. Type IV
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Type I hypersensitivity is IgE-mediated and involves immediate
allergic reactions like anaphylaxis or asthma.
4. A patient presents with a pH of 7.30, PaCO2 of 52 mmHg, and HCO3 of 26 mEq/L. Which
acid-base imbalance is occurring?
A. Metabolic Acidosis
B. Metabolic Alkalosis
C. Respiratory Alkalosis
, D. Respiratory Acidosis
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: A low pH (<7.35) combined with high PaCO2 (>45) indicates
respiratory acidosis.
5. What is the primary pathophysiology behind Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
A. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
B. Insulin resistance in peripheral tissues
C. Excessive glucagon secretion from alpha cells
D. Hypertrophy of the Islets of Langerhans
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Type 1 Diabetes is characterized by the autoimmune destruction
of insulin-producing beta cells, leading to absolute insulin deficiency.
6. Which characteristic is a hallmark of malignant tumors compared to benign tumors?
A. Slow growth rate
B. Ability to metastasize
C. Encapsulation
D. Well-differentiated cells
Answer: B
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
PREP QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. Which process is responsible for the movement of water between the interstitial and
intracellular compartments?
A. Active transport
B. Osmosis
C. Filtration
D. Diffusion
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Osmosis is the primary process for water movement across cell
membranes, driven by osmotic pressure gradients.
2. In the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), what is the direct effect of
Angiotensin II on the vascular system?
A. Systemic vasodilation
B. Increased renal excretion of sodium
,C. Systemic vasoconstriction
D. Decreased secretion of aldosterone
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor that increases
systemic blood pressure.
3. Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is mediated by IgE and involves mast cell
degranulation?
A. Type III
B. Type II
C. Type I
D. Type IV
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Type I hypersensitivity is IgE-mediated and involves immediate
allergic reactions like anaphylaxis or asthma.
4. A patient presents with a pH of 7.30, PaCO2 of 52 mmHg, and HCO3 of 26 mEq/L. Which
acid-base imbalance is occurring?
A. Metabolic Acidosis
B. Metabolic Alkalosis
C. Respiratory Alkalosis
, D. Respiratory Acidosis
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: A low pH (<7.35) combined with high PaCO2 (>45) indicates
respiratory acidosis.
5. What is the primary pathophysiology behind Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
A. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
B. Insulin resistance in peripheral tissues
C. Excessive glucagon secretion from alpha cells
D. Hypertrophy of the Islets of Langerhans
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Type 1 Diabetes is characterized by the autoimmune destruction
of insulin-producing beta cells, leading to absolute insulin deficiency.
6. Which characteristic is a hallmark of malignant tumors compared to benign tumors?
A. Slow growth rate
B. Ability to metastasize
C. Encapsulation
D. Well-differentiated cells
Answer: B
