WGU D072 FINAL EXAM: MANAGERIAL
DECISION-MAKING, ETHICS, AND
EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
1. A manager decides to continue investing in a failing project because a significant amount of
money has already been spent. Which decision-making bias is this?
A. Confirmation bias
B. Anchoring bias
C. Sunk-cost fallacy
D. Availability heuristic
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: The sunk-cost fallacy occurs when individuals continue a
behavior or endeavor as a result of previously invested resources (time, money, or effort).
2. Which component of Emotional Intelligence (EI) involves the ability to control or redirect
disruptive impulses and moods?
A. Self-regulation
B. Social skill
,C. Self-awareness
D. Empathy
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Self-regulation is the ability to manage one’s internal states,
impulses, and resources.
3. A leader suggests that the ‘right’ decision is the one that results in the greatest good for
the greatest number of people. Which ethical framework is being applied?
A. Deontology
B. Virtue Ethics
C. Ethical Egoism
D. Utilitarianism
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Utilitarianism is a consequentialist theory focusing on
maximizing overall happiness or utility for the majority.
4. In the context of supportive communication, which characteristic focuses on identifying a
problem rather than challenging an individual’s character?
A. Descriptive communication
B. Evaluative communication
C. Global communication
, D. Superiority-oriented communication
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Descriptive communication describes objectively the event or
behavior that needs to be changed, rather than evaluating or judging the person.
5. Which leadership style is characterized by a leader who inspires followers to transcend
their own self-interests for the good of the organization?
A. Transactional leadership
B. Laissez-faire leadership
C. Autocratic leadership
D. Transformational leadership
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Transformational leaders inspire followers to achieve
extraordinary outcomes and develop their own leadership capacity.
6. A manager only looks for information that supports their pre-existing belief about a market
trend. This is an example of:
A. Overconfidence bias
B. Hindsight bias
C. Confirmation bias
D. Escalation of commitment
DECISION-MAKING, ETHICS, AND
EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
1. A manager decides to continue investing in a failing project because a significant amount of
money has already been spent. Which decision-making bias is this?
A. Confirmation bias
B. Anchoring bias
C. Sunk-cost fallacy
D. Availability heuristic
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: The sunk-cost fallacy occurs when individuals continue a
behavior or endeavor as a result of previously invested resources (time, money, or effort).
2. Which component of Emotional Intelligence (EI) involves the ability to control or redirect
disruptive impulses and moods?
A. Self-regulation
B. Social skill
,C. Self-awareness
D. Empathy
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Self-regulation is the ability to manage one’s internal states,
impulses, and resources.
3. A leader suggests that the ‘right’ decision is the one that results in the greatest good for
the greatest number of people. Which ethical framework is being applied?
A. Deontology
B. Virtue Ethics
C. Ethical Egoism
D. Utilitarianism
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Utilitarianism is a consequentialist theory focusing on
maximizing overall happiness or utility for the majority.
4. In the context of supportive communication, which characteristic focuses on identifying a
problem rather than challenging an individual’s character?
A. Descriptive communication
B. Evaluative communication
C. Global communication
, D. Superiority-oriented communication
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Descriptive communication describes objectively the event or
behavior that needs to be changed, rather than evaluating or judging the person.
5. Which leadership style is characterized by a leader who inspires followers to transcend
their own self-interests for the good of the organization?
A. Transactional leadership
B. Laissez-faire leadership
C. Autocratic leadership
D. Transformational leadership
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Transformational leaders inspire followers to achieve
extraordinary outcomes and develop their own leadership capacity.
6. A manager only looks for information that supports their pre-existing belief about a market
trend. This is an example of:
A. Overconfidence bias
B. Hindsight bias
C. Confirmation bias
D. Escalation of commitment
