N212 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 3 (EASTWICK COLLEGE) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+|
100% VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
Core Domains
Cardiovascular System Disorders
Respiratory System Disorders
Renal and Urinary System Disorders
Gastrointestinal and Hepatic Disorders
Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders
Neurological and Sensory Disorders
Infectious and Immunologic Disorders
Musculoskeletal and Integumentary Disorders
Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances
Multisystem and Critical Care Concepts
Introduction
This comprehensive examination is designed to assess advanced understanding and application of
pathophysiological concepts covered in the N212 Pathophysiology course at Eastwick College. The exam evaluates
the ability to integrate foundational knowledge with clinical reasoning to analyze complex disease processes,
interpret clinical manifestations, and apply pathophysiological principles to real-world patient scenarios.
,Candidates will be challenged with multiple-choice questions that emphasize critical thinking, evidence-based
practice, and the synthesis of knowledge necessary for safe and effective nursing care. This assessment serves as a
valuable tool for final readiness evaluation prior to course completion.
SECTION ONE: QUESTIONS 1–100
1. A 65-year-old male presents with sudden onset of severe chest pain radiating to the left arm, diaphoresis,
and shortness of breath. An ECG shows ST-segment elevation in leads V1-V4. Which of the following is the
most likely diagnosis?
A. Unstable angina
B. Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI)
C. ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)
D. Pulmonary embolism
🟢C
🔴 RATIONALE: The patient's presentation of sudden severe chest pain radiating to the left arm, diaphoresis,
and shortness of breath with ST-segment elevation in leads V1-V4 is classic for an anterior wall STEMI. Unstable
angina and NSTEMI do not show ST-segment elevation. Pulmonary embolism typically presents with sudden
dyspnea and pleuritic chest pain.
,2. A 72-year-old female with a history of hypertension presents with a sudden onset of severe headache,
nausea, and vomiting. On examination, you note that she is hypertensive (210/120 mmHg) and has
papilledema on fundoscopic examination. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Subarachnoid hemorrhage
B. Hypertensive encephalopathy
C. Migraine headache
D. Tension headache
🟢B
🔴 RATIONALE: The patient has a hypertensive emergency with malignant hypertension, as evidenced by severe
hypertension, headache, and papilledema. Hypertensive encephalopathy is a syndrome of global cerebral
dysfunction due to severe hypertension. Subarachnoid hemorrhage presents with a sudden, severe
"thunderclap" headache. Migraine and tension headaches are not associated with severe hypertension and
papilledema.
3. A 55-year-old male with a history of COPD presents with increased shortness of breath, cough, and
purulent sputum. On examination, you note increased wheezing and use of accessory muscles. Which of the
following is the most appropriate initial management?
A. Oral corticosteroids
B. Inhaled bronchodilators
C. Antibiotics
D. Oxygen therapy
, 🟢B
🔴 RATIONALE: The patient has an acute exacerbation of COPD. The initial management includes inhaled
bronchodilators (short-acting beta-agonists and anticholinergics) to relieve airway obstruction. Oral
corticosteroids and antibiotics are used for more severe exacerbations. Oxygen therapy is indicated if the
patient is hypoxic.
4. A 68-year-old female presents with a complaint of progressive dysphagia and weight loss. She reports that
she has difficulty swallowing both solids and liquids. On examination, you note cachexia and supraclavicular
lymphadenopathy. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Achalasia
B. Esophageal cancer
C. GERD
D. Esophageal stricture
🟢B
🔴 RATIONALE: The patient's presentation of progressive dysphagia to both solids and liquids, weight loss, and
cachexia is highly suggestive of esophageal cancer. Achalasia presents with dysphagia to both solids and liquids
but is not typically associated with weight loss and cachexia in its early stages. GERD and esophageal stricture
typically present with dysphagia to solids.
100% VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
Core Domains
Cardiovascular System Disorders
Respiratory System Disorders
Renal and Urinary System Disorders
Gastrointestinal and Hepatic Disorders
Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders
Neurological and Sensory Disorders
Infectious and Immunologic Disorders
Musculoskeletal and Integumentary Disorders
Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances
Multisystem and Critical Care Concepts
Introduction
This comprehensive examination is designed to assess advanced understanding and application of
pathophysiological concepts covered in the N212 Pathophysiology course at Eastwick College. The exam evaluates
the ability to integrate foundational knowledge with clinical reasoning to analyze complex disease processes,
interpret clinical manifestations, and apply pathophysiological principles to real-world patient scenarios.
,Candidates will be challenged with multiple-choice questions that emphasize critical thinking, evidence-based
practice, and the synthesis of knowledge necessary for safe and effective nursing care. This assessment serves as a
valuable tool for final readiness evaluation prior to course completion.
SECTION ONE: QUESTIONS 1–100
1. A 65-year-old male presents with sudden onset of severe chest pain radiating to the left arm, diaphoresis,
and shortness of breath. An ECG shows ST-segment elevation in leads V1-V4. Which of the following is the
most likely diagnosis?
A. Unstable angina
B. Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI)
C. ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)
D. Pulmonary embolism
🟢C
🔴 RATIONALE: The patient's presentation of sudden severe chest pain radiating to the left arm, diaphoresis,
and shortness of breath with ST-segment elevation in leads V1-V4 is classic for an anterior wall STEMI. Unstable
angina and NSTEMI do not show ST-segment elevation. Pulmonary embolism typically presents with sudden
dyspnea and pleuritic chest pain.
,2. A 72-year-old female with a history of hypertension presents with a sudden onset of severe headache,
nausea, and vomiting. On examination, you note that she is hypertensive (210/120 mmHg) and has
papilledema on fundoscopic examination. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Subarachnoid hemorrhage
B. Hypertensive encephalopathy
C. Migraine headache
D. Tension headache
🟢B
🔴 RATIONALE: The patient has a hypertensive emergency with malignant hypertension, as evidenced by severe
hypertension, headache, and papilledema. Hypertensive encephalopathy is a syndrome of global cerebral
dysfunction due to severe hypertension. Subarachnoid hemorrhage presents with a sudden, severe
"thunderclap" headache. Migraine and tension headaches are not associated with severe hypertension and
papilledema.
3. A 55-year-old male with a history of COPD presents with increased shortness of breath, cough, and
purulent sputum. On examination, you note increased wheezing and use of accessory muscles. Which of the
following is the most appropriate initial management?
A. Oral corticosteroids
B. Inhaled bronchodilators
C. Antibiotics
D. Oxygen therapy
, 🟢B
🔴 RATIONALE: The patient has an acute exacerbation of COPD. The initial management includes inhaled
bronchodilators (short-acting beta-agonists and anticholinergics) to relieve airway obstruction. Oral
corticosteroids and antibiotics are used for more severe exacerbations. Oxygen therapy is indicated if the
patient is hypoxic.
4. A 68-year-old female presents with a complaint of progressive dysphagia and weight loss. She reports that
she has difficulty swallowing both solids and liquids. On examination, you note cachexia and supraclavicular
lymphadenopathy. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Achalasia
B. Esophageal cancer
C. GERD
D. Esophageal stricture
🟢B
🔴 RATIONALE: The patient's presentation of progressive dysphagia to both solids and liquids, weight loss, and
cachexia is highly suggestive of esophageal cancer. Achalasia presents with dysphagia to both solids and liquids
but is not typically associated with weight loss and cachexia in its early stages. GERD and esophageal stricture
typically present with dysphagia to solids.
