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Biology A Level - Immunology Summary Notes

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These notes cover the Immunology topic of A level (including: Immunity, B cells, T cells, the Humoral and Cell Mediated Response, Antibiotics, Vaccination and the Virus Lifecycle). They are base on the Eduqas exam board. They are neat, organised and clear. An A* student produced them. Good luck!

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Immunity
Pathogen : disease
causing organism
Innate immune response
-earns' -
Viruses
=>
Physical Barriers (Keep pathogens out =>
Phagocytosis Adaptive immune response -
Bacteria

-
Skin
-




Engulfing & digesting of pathogens by
-


Fungi
~
Protozoa
B-cells
-




T cells
HCl phagocytes
-



-
in Stomach

~ lymphocytes
-
mucus lining airwayss...




Phagocytosis




⑱
:




⑳
hagosome
phagocyte pathogen O o

some enzymes
E




Phagocyte binds to the viral parasite The cell membrane wraps around the Lysosomes fuse wh the
phagosome releasing
· ·
·


,




via
complementary cell surface receptors
pathogen engulfing
,
it digestive enzymes
onto the
pathogen

The pathogen into vacuole The
feeding pathogen digested
·


is is
·

a




called a phagosome




·
-



Phagocytes present foreign antigens to



T helper cells . This activates them.

In addition to & ↳ Causes
engulfing digesting pathogens phagocytes become
antigen presenting them to Secrete
signalling molecules
-



,




-



they present digested foreign antigens using specialised cell membrane proteins called cytokines

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Subjects

  • biology
  • immunology
  • a level
  • a levels
  • t cells
  • b cells
  • lymphocytes
  • notes
  • summary

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