Microbiology: An Introduction (Tortora, Funke & Case, 13th Edition) | Chapter 1 Final Exam
How do microbes affect our lives? Cause diseases; decompose organic waste; produce chemical products; produce
fermented foods; produce manufacturing & disease tx prdx; prevent food spoilage;
prevent diseases; rel. to epidemiology & pathology
Microbiome Group of microbes that live stably on/in the human body; help to maintain good
health, prevent the growth of pathogenic microbes, & help the immune system
discriminate threats
Normal microbiota Collection of acquired microbes on/in a healthy human being; begin to be acquired
as newborns & may colonize the body indefinitely
Transient microbiota Collection of acquired microbes on/in an ill human being; may colonize the body
fleetingly (e.g., during illness)
Microbes Organisms that are too small to be seen with the unaided eye (microscopic
organisms)
Seven types of microbes Bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, microscopic algae, viruses, & multicellular
animal parasites (larval stage)
Which scientist established the system of scientific Carolus Linnaeus
nomenclature in 1735?
Nomenclature Scientific naming system
Order the following classifications in appropriate order: Genus & scientific epithet
specific epithet & genus
Bacteria Prokaryotes; single-celled; peptidoglycan cell walls; divide via binary fission
(asexual); derive nutrition via organic/inorganic chemicals or photosynthesis; "swim"
by utilizing flagella
Prokaryote or eukaryote: bacteria Prokaryote
Single or multicellular: bacteria Single
Cell walls? If so, composed of what: bacteria Yes; peptidoglycan
Asexual or sexual reproduction: bacteria Asexual (binary fission)
Means of deriving nutrition: bacteria Organic/inorganic chemicals or photosynthesis
, Microbiology: An Introduction (Tortora, Funke & Case, 13th Edition) | Chapter 1 Final Exam
Motile? If so, how: bacteria Yes; flagella
Three shapes of bacteria Coccus (spherical); bacillus (rod-shaped); spirillum (spiral)
Transient bacteria Bacteria temporarily living in or on a certain body part, such as the hands; typically
removed via hand-washing
Archaea Prokaryotes; single-celled; no cell walls; often live in extreme environments (e.g.
bottom of ocean; hot springs)
Prokaryote or eukaryote: archaea Prokaryote
Single or multicellular: archaea Single
Cell walls? If so, composed of what: archaea No/none
Asexual or sexual reproduction: archaea Asexual (binary fission, budding)
Means of deriving nutrition: archaea Organic/inorganic chemicals; particularly protein-rich foods
Motile? If so, how: archaea Yes; archaella
Archaea include Methanogens, extreme halophiles, & extreme thermophiles (extremophiles)
Methanogens Archaea that release methane, a greenhouse gas
Extreme halophiles An organism that lives in a highly saline environment, such as the Great Salt Lake
or the Dead Sea
Extreme thermophiles Archaea that live in extremely hot environments, such as hydrothermal vents under
the ocean
Are archaea pathogenic? No
How do microbes affect our lives? Cause diseases; decompose organic waste; produce chemical products; produce
fermented foods; produce manufacturing & disease tx prdx; prevent food spoilage;
prevent diseases; rel. to epidemiology & pathology
Microbiome Group of microbes that live stably on/in the human body; help to maintain good
health, prevent the growth of pathogenic microbes, & help the immune system
discriminate threats
Normal microbiota Collection of acquired microbes on/in a healthy human being; begin to be acquired
as newborns & may colonize the body indefinitely
Transient microbiota Collection of acquired microbes on/in an ill human being; may colonize the body
fleetingly (e.g., during illness)
Microbes Organisms that are too small to be seen with the unaided eye (microscopic
organisms)
Seven types of microbes Bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, microscopic algae, viruses, & multicellular
animal parasites (larval stage)
Which scientist established the system of scientific Carolus Linnaeus
nomenclature in 1735?
Nomenclature Scientific naming system
Order the following classifications in appropriate order: Genus & scientific epithet
specific epithet & genus
Bacteria Prokaryotes; single-celled; peptidoglycan cell walls; divide via binary fission
(asexual); derive nutrition via organic/inorganic chemicals or photosynthesis; "swim"
by utilizing flagella
Prokaryote or eukaryote: bacteria Prokaryote
Single or multicellular: bacteria Single
Cell walls? If so, composed of what: bacteria Yes; peptidoglycan
Asexual or sexual reproduction: bacteria Asexual (binary fission)
Means of deriving nutrition: bacteria Organic/inorganic chemicals or photosynthesis
, Microbiology: An Introduction (Tortora, Funke & Case, 13th Edition) | Chapter 1 Final Exam
Motile? If so, how: bacteria Yes; flagella
Three shapes of bacteria Coccus (spherical); bacillus (rod-shaped); spirillum (spiral)
Transient bacteria Bacteria temporarily living in or on a certain body part, such as the hands; typically
removed via hand-washing
Archaea Prokaryotes; single-celled; no cell walls; often live in extreme environments (e.g.
bottom of ocean; hot springs)
Prokaryote or eukaryote: archaea Prokaryote
Single or multicellular: archaea Single
Cell walls? If so, composed of what: archaea No/none
Asexual or sexual reproduction: archaea Asexual (binary fission, budding)
Means of deriving nutrition: archaea Organic/inorganic chemicals; particularly protein-rich foods
Motile? If so, how: archaea Yes; archaella
Archaea include Methanogens, extreme halophiles, & extreme thermophiles (extremophiles)
Methanogens Archaea that release methane, a greenhouse gas
Extreme halophiles An organism that lives in a highly saline environment, such as the Great Salt Lake
or the Dead Sea
Extreme thermophiles Archaea that live in extremely hot environments, such as hydrothermal vents under
the ocean
Are archaea pathogenic? No
