Physics IGCSE
, SI units (Le systeme International :
d'Unites
=
quations :
Mass : m e a s u re of the quantity of matter in a n object Kilograms (Kg)
Time : Seconds (s) Speed-distance or s = (m/s)
time
Length : meter (m)
Volume
speed-distancetravel
a
: the
quantity of space an object takes up cubic meter (m3) Average
Force : Push or pull exterted by one
object on another newton (N)
Velocity =
change in displacement
The gradient of a distance -
time graph-speed time
↑ The gradient time acceleration
r
of speed graph
(density
a
density =mass or (kg/m3) or (g/cm3) of water
: 1000 kg/m3)
The a re a of speed time graph-distance travelled
average speed-distancedmoved or l
(m/53)
zh
Acceleration of freefall
(g) Change Velocity
=
= 9 8m/st g in
average acceleration = =
.
th or a
time taken
acceleration : rate of
change of speed (rector
change in direction (change in
Velocity = acceleration
negative acceleration is called deceleration or retardation
Resultant force = m a ss . acceleration F = ma (N)
Weight =
mass .
g
W =
ong (N)
ectors have direction & magnitude 1kg =
9 .
8N
A momentum Kg Newton
force cannot change m a ss =
mass-velocity p
= Mr .
m/S second
1 Newton the force required to give acceleration of 1 m/s
is m a ss of 1kg an
change in momentum
resultant force crate of of momentum)
=
time change
Newton's first law : An object at rest re m a i n s at rest or if in motion remains in
motion unless acted upon by a net external force Impulse : Fr =
ma < m (impulse-change in momentum)
Newton's second law : force = m a ss . acceleration (F ma = momentum = Force .
A time (Ns)
Newton's third law : If object A exerts a force on
object B then
, object B will exert
an
equal but opposite force on
object A
. Moments
moment the :
turning effect of a force .
Terminal Velocity :
Speed=air resistance moment of a force
=
force ·
Perpendicular distance from point
about a point
Friction : force that tries to stop two materials
sliding ove r each other
>
Static friction the force that keeps an
object at rest If an object is at
equiblibrium : the sum
of anticlockwise moments about
any
:
>
Dynamic friction : friction that opposes movement of an object in motion Point = Sum of clockwise moments at .
any point
(Kinetic is converted to thermal energy
energy
Im
↑
Drag : Cair resistance) friction is a
gas
or
liquid . Im
Upthrust : the upwards force from a liquid (or gas) that makes something float
Resultant force : unbalanced forces that a re
equivalent to a
single force
thrust forward force :
from
ION
engine 20N
tension force : in a rope
Reaction pushing against ground : or wall
2 10 1
Weight = 20
. .
: the gravitational force on an
object
, Pressure : continuous physical force exterted on or
against an object by something it is
Centripetal force : inward force needed to make an
object m ove in a circle .
in contact with
Velocity (v)
·
Pressure-force P = (m) < Pascal Al
Centripetal Force
(F) Pressure in
liquids : Pressure =
pgh or P =
density
-
g depth
.
-
Acts in all directions p =
pgh
path (pulls to the center)
-
Pressure in creases with depth
Pressure
The dense the liquid the higher the pressure Cdensity
-
more
,
-
-
Pressure doesn't depend on shape of contain or
·
Pressure is
inversely proportional to volume (Boyle's law)
V & F have to be prepared to make perfect circular path Cat
P. V B Vz constant
-
a =
temperature)
:
,
atmospherical pressure
= 100'000 Pa
Law of conservation of momentum :
When two or m o re objects act on each other
,
their total momentum remains .
constant
Equilibrium :
1) Resultant force = o
Ap = Fret -
At .) Resultant
2 moment =
o
The time taken for one orbit is called the period Terminal Velocity graph :
Speed terminal
velocity
parachute opens
p
1
Stability :
accelerating slowing down
Cair resistances weight
Wider base lower centre of
stability
-
+ m a ss = increased
Constant speed
Resultant forces :
-
time
head to tail method :
: Scale drawing km 1N
·
An object moving at constant speed resulant force is O
e .
g =
Obect fall with constant acceleration resistant
·
T
in a vacuum as there is no air
IN magnitude is value of
hypotenus
The smaller the falling object less
·
a re a of a the air resistance acts on it
1soo 7cm ,
7300 1300 direction is the
angle
>
3N 3 cm terminal velocity
·
: resultant force = O
,
so m ove with constant speed
Hooke's Law :
A material hooke's law if , beneath its elastic
obeys
limit it is proportional to the load
Independent Variable : Load (N)
Dependent Variable :
Length of Spring/extension
Control Variable :
type of Spring (material diameter ) temperature ,
..
,
constant (k) how much force for unit extension
Spring =
required a
load-spring constant extension or F =
kx
, SI units (Le systeme International :
d'Unites
=
quations :
Mass : m e a s u re of the quantity of matter in a n object Kilograms (Kg)
Time : Seconds (s) Speed-distance or s = (m/s)
time
Length : meter (m)
Volume
speed-distancetravel
a
: the
quantity of space an object takes up cubic meter (m3) Average
Force : Push or pull exterted by one
object on another newton (N)
Velocity =
change in displacement
The gradient of a distance -
time graph-speed time
↑ The gradient time acceleration
r
of speed graph
(density
a
density =mass or (kg/m3) or (g/cm3) of water
: 1000 kg/m3)
The a re a of speed time graph-distance travelled
average speed-distancedmoved or l
(m/53)
zh
Acceleration of freefall
(g) Change Velocity
=
= 9 8m/st g in
average acceleration = =
.
th or a
time taken
acceleration : rate of
change of speed (rector
change in direction (change in
Velocity = acceleration
negative acceleration is called deceleration or retardation
Resultant force = m a ss . acceleration F = ma (N)
Weight =
mass .
g
W =
ong (N)
ectors have direction & magnitude 1kg =
9 .
8N
A momentum Kg Newton
force cannot change m a ss =
mass-velocity p
= Mr .
m/S second
1 Newton the force required to give acceleration of 1 m/s
is m a ss of 1kg an
change in momentum
resultant force crate of of momentum)
=
time change
Newton's first law : An object at rest re m a i n s at rest or if in motion remains in
motion unless acted upon by a net external force Impulse : Fr =
ma < m (impulse-change in momentum)
Newton's second law : force = m a ss . acceleration (F ma = momentum = Force .
A time (Ns)
Newton's third law : If object A exerts a force on
object B then
, object B will exert
an
equal but opposite force on
object A
. Moments
moment the :
turning effect of a force .
Terminal Velocity :
Speed=air resistance moment of a force
=
force ·
Perpendicular distance from point
about a point
Friction : force that tries to stop two materials
sliding ove r each other
>
Static friction the force that keeps an
object at rest If an object is at
equiblibrium : the sum
of anticlockwise moments about
any
:
>
Dynamic friction : friction that opposes movement of an object in motion Point = Sum of clockwise moments at .
any point
(Kinetic is converted to thermal energy
energy
Im
↑
Drag : Cair resistance) friction is a
gas
or
liquid . Im
Upthrust : the upwards force from a liquid (or gas) that makes something float
Resultant force : unbalanced forces that a re
equivalent to a
single force
thrust forward force :
from
ION
engine 20N
tension force : in a rope
Reaction pushing against ground : or wall
2 10 1
Weight = 20
. .
: the gravitational force on an
object
, Pressure : continuous physical force exterted on or
against an object by something it is
Centripetal force : inward force needed to make an
object m ove in a circle .
in contact with
Velocity (v)
·
Pressure-force P = (m) < Pascal Al
Centripetal Force
(F) Pressure in
liquids : Pressure =
pgh or P =
density
-
g depth
.
-
Acts in all directions p =
pgh
path (pulls to the center)
-
Pressure in creases with depth
Pressure
The dense the liquid the higher the pressure Cdensity
-
more
,
-
-
Pressure doesn't depend on shape of contain or
·
Pressure is
inversely proportional to volume (Boyle's law)
V & F have to be prepared to make perfect circular path Cat
P. V B Vz constant
-
a =
temperature)
:
,
atmospherical pressure
= 100'000 Pa
Law of conservation of momentum :
When two or m o re objects act on each other
,
their total momentum remains .
constant
Equilibrium :
1) Resultant force = o
Ap = Fret -
At .) Resultant
2 moment =
o
The time taken for one orbit is called the period Terminal Velocity graph :
Speed terminal
velocity
parachute opens
p
1
Stability :
accelerating slowing down
Cair resistances weight
Wider base lower centre of
stability
-
+ m a ss = increased
Constant speed
Resultant forces :
-
time
head to tail method :
: Scale drawing km 1N
·
An object moving at constant speed resulant force is O
e .
g =
Obect fall with constant acceleration resistant
·
T
in a vacuum as there is no air
IN magnitude is value of
hypotenus
The smaller the falling object less
·
a re a of a the air resistance acts on it
1soo 7cm ,
7300 1300 direction is the
angle
>
3N 3 cm terminal velocity
·
: resultant force = O
,
so m ove with constant speed
Hooke's Law :
A material hooke's law if , beneath its elastic
obeys
limit it is proportional to the load
Independent Variable : Load (N)
Dependent Variable :
Length of Spring/extension
Control Variable :
type of Spring (material diameter ) temperature ,
..
,
constant (k) how much force for unit extension
Spring =
required a
load-spring constant extension or F =
kx
