ABFM In Training Exam Pearls
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), what meds, and what do Emtricitabine/tenofovir
you have check first? gotta check Hep B first
-apparently they kill hep B too, so if you suddenly stop the med, then reactivated
hep B can lead to liver disease
entry to balloon time for PCI! 120 minutes
time limit from onset of MI to balloon time should get it done w/in 12 hours
Absolute contraindications to Fibrinolysis Previous hemorrhage stroke
Previous ischemic stroke (4.5hrs-3months prior)
Suspected aortic dissection
Active bleeding (except menstruation)
BP >180/110 (severe hypertension)
Streptokinase 6 months prior
acute cholecystitis Acute inflammation of the gallbladder wall
Patient with pulmonary HTN due to left heart failure, can NO! can make things worse
they have vasodilators (PDE5?) -maximize heart failure treatment!
Sever's Diseaese Calcaneal apophysitis, also called Sever's disease, is a common cause of heel pain
in young athletes, especially those who participate in basketball, soccer, track, and
other sports that involve running. Typically the heel apophysis closes by age 15.
Treatment options include activity modification, the use of ice packs and/or moist
heat, stretching, analgesics, and orthotic devices. The use of therapeutic ultrasound
on the active bone growth plates in children is contraindicated.
in pressure ulcers what solutions to avoid, and what to recommended that pressure ulcers not be cleaned with povidone/iodine, Dakin's
use! solution, hydrogen peroxide, wet-to-dry dressings, or any solutions that may impede
granulation tissue formation. These sites should be cleaned with either saline or tap
water and covered with hydrocolloid, foam, or another nonadherent dressing that
promotes a moist environment.
Chronic paraoxysmal hemicrania resembles cluster headache but has some important differences. Like cluster
headaches, these headaches are unilateral and accompanied by conjunctival
hyperemia and rhinorrhea. However, these headaches are more frequent in women,
and the paroxysms occur many times each day. This type of headache falls into a
group of headaches that have been labeled indomethacin-responsive headaches
because they respond dramatically to indomethacin.
normal spirometry but low DLCO chronic pulmonary embolus
Antibiotic ppx for dental procedures give amoxicillin only if prior endocarditis, prosthetic valve, heart txp, or severe or
repaired congenital heart
-if allergic to penicillin, then give clinda!!
, ABFM In Training Exam Pearls
when to refer patient with CKD to nephrology Current guidelines recommend referral to a nephrologist if a patient's renal disease
is either of unknown etiology, is deteriorating quickly (eGFR decreasing by >5
mL/min/1.73 m2 per year), or is severe. Thresholds used to define severe chronic
kidney disease include an eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2, a urine albumin to creatinine
ratio >300 g/mg, persistent acidosis or potassium imbalance, non-iron deficiency
anemia with a hemoglobin level <10 g/dL, and evidence of secondary
hyperparathyroidism.
Causes of peripheral neuropathy common treatable causes of peripheral neuropathy, which include diabetes
mellitus, hypothyroidism, and nutritional deficiencies. Additional causes of
peripheral neuropathy include chronic liver disease and renal disease. It is
important to consider medications as a possible cause, including amiodarone,
digoxin, nitrofurantoin, and statins. Excessive alcohol use is another important
consideration. In addition think MGUS, and Multiple Myeloma
Failure rates of contraception The annual failure rate of combined oral contraceptive pills with typical use is 9%.
Typical failure rates for other contraceptive methods are 0.2% for the levonorgestrel
IUD, 6% for injectable progestin, 18% for male condoms, and 22% for the
withdrawal method.
mental status exam for acute changes like delerium Confusion Assessment Method (CAM)
to diagnose adult ADHD, symptoms must be present Age 12
before what age?
Complications of GERD in infants Gastroesophageal reflux accounts for a significant number of cases of failure to
thrive, crib death, and recurrent pneumonia. Features of gastroesophageal reflux
include a history of recurrent pneumonia, a low growth curve, a family history of
sudden infant death syndrome, and normocytic anemia.
coining "sickness leaving body" it's a south asian thing, kids have multiple red welts and superficial abrasions
scattered on chest and upper back
thyroid replacement in the setting of gastritis need to increase by 30% because gastritis decreases absorption of thyroid. ex: h.
pylori, treat h.pylori to negate this effect
cubital tunnel syndrome irritation, compression, and entrapment of the ulnar nerve
in ages 5-16, what is the most common agent that causes mycoplasma - treat with azithromycin
pneumonia
what halts the worsening of thyroid complications such as treating with methimazole
myxedema and exophthalmos
If MRSA bacteremia, when do you get repeat blood 2-4 days
cultures?
community acquired pneumonia a type of pneumonia that results from contagious infection outside of a hospital or
clinic ie hotel stay or cruise ship
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), what meds, and what do Emtricitabine/tenofovir
you have check first? gotta check Hep B first
-apparently they kill hep B too, so if you suddenly stop the med, then reactivated
hep B can lead to liver disease
entry to balloon time for PCI! 120 minutes
time limit from onset of MI to balloon time should get it done w/in 12 hours
Absolute contraindications to Fibrinolysis Previous hemorrhage stroke
Previous ischemic stroke (4.5hrs-3months prior)
Suspected aortic dissection
Active bleeding (except menstruation)
BP >180/110 (severe hypertension)
Streptokinase 6 months prior
acute cholecystitis Acute inflammation of the gallbladder wall
Patient with pulmonary HTN due to left heart failure, can NO! can make things worse
they have vasodilators (PDE5?) -maximize heart failure treatment!
Sever's Diseaese Calcaneal apophysitis, also called Sever's disease, is a common cause of heel pain
in young athletes, especially those who participate in basketball, soccer, track, and
other sports that involve running. Typically the heel apophysis closes by age 15.
Treatment options include activity modification, the use of ice packs and/or moist
heat, stretching, analgesics, and orthotic devices. The use of therapeutic ultrasound
on the active bone growth plates in children is contraindicated.
in pressure ulcers what solutions to avoid, and what to recommended that pressure ulcers not be cleaned with povidone/iodine, Dakin's
use! solution, hydrogen peroxide, wet-to-dry dressings, or any solutions that may impede
granulation tissue formation. These sites should be cleaned with either saline or tap
water and covered with hydrocolloid, foam, or another nonadherent dressing that
promotes a moist environment.
Chronic paraoxysmal hemicrania resembles cluster headache but has some important differences. Like cluster
headaches, these headaches are unilateral and accompanied by conjunctival
hyperemia and rhinorrhea. However, these headaches are more frequent in women,
and the paroxysms occur many times each day. This type of headache falls into a
group of headaches that have been labeled indomethacin-responsive headaches
because they respond dramatically to indomethacin.
normal spirometry but low DLCO chronic pulmonary embolus
Antibiotic ppx for dental procedures give amoxicillin only if prior endocarditis, prosthetic valve, heart txp, or severe or
repaired congenital heart
-if allergic to penicillin, then give clinda!!
, ABFM In Training Exam Pearls
when to refer patient with CKD to nephrology Current guidelines recommend referral to a nephrologist if a patient's renal disease
is either of unknown etiology, is deteriorating quickly (eGFR decreasing by >5
mL/min/1.73 m2 per year), or is severe. Thresholds used to define severe chronic
kidney disease include an eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2, a urine albumin to creatinine
ratio >300 g/mg, persistent acidosis or potassium imbalance, non-iron deficiency
anemia with a hemoglobin level <10 g/dL, and evidence of secondary
hyperparathyroidism.
Causes of peripheral neuropathy common treatable causes of peripheral neuropathy, which include diabetes
mellitus, hypothyroidism, and nutritional deficiencies. Additional causes of
peripheral neuropathy include chronic liver disease and renal disease. It is
important to consider medications as a possible cause, including amiodarone,
digoxin, nitrofurantoin, and statins. Excessive alcohol use is another important
consideration. In addition think MGUS, and Multiple Myeloma
Failure rates of contraception The annual failure rate of combined oral contraceptive pills with typical use is 9%.
Typical failure rates for other contraceptive methods are 0.2% for the levonorgestrel
IUD, 6% for injectable progestin, 18% for male condoms, and 22% for the
withdrawal method.
mental status exam for acute changes like delerium Confusion Assessment Method (CAM)
to diagnose adult ADHD, symptoms must be present Age 12
before what age?
Complications of GERD in infants Gastroesophageal reflux accounts for a significant number of cases of failure to
thrive, crib death, and recurrent pneumonia. Features of gastroesophageal reflux
include a history of recurrent pneumonia, a low growth curve, a family history of
sudden infant death syndrome, and normocytic anemia.
coining "sickness leaving body" it's a south asian thing, kids have multiple red welts and superficial abrasions
scattered on chest and upper back
thyroid replacement in the setting of gastritis need to increase by 30% because gastritis decreases absorption of thyroid. ex: h.
pylori, treat h.pylori to negate this effect
cubital tunnel syndrome irritation, compression, and entrapment of the ulnar nerve
in ages 5-16, what is the most common agent that causes mycoplasma - treat with azithromycin
pneumonia
what halts the worsening of thyroid complications such as treating with methimazole
myxedema and exophthalmos
If MRSA bacteremia, when do you get repeat blood 2-4 days
cultures?
community acquired pneumonia a type of pneumonia that results from contagious infection outside of a hospital or
clinic ie hotel stay or cruise ship
