Animal Nutrition Topic 7
·
Our food is made up of nutrients which can be divided into macronutrients (food substances that you eat in
relatively large amounts . ) <fats , proteins Carbs ,
Micronutrients a re foods we eat in small quantities > Vitamins & minerals
A balaned diet must include :
·
Food is used :
for growth
Enough provided by carbohydrates fats & - as a source of energy
-
energy , proteins
Essencial For replacement of &
damaged tissues
-
acids
-
amino from proteins wor n
-to
Essential
falty acids from fats regulate the
body's metabolism
-
-
micronutrients vitamins & : nutrients BMR basal :
metabolic rate (men have a
higher BMR)
-
Water to replace water lost in urine , sweat breath & faeces
your ,
-
fibre for moving food to anus
along the gut
Carbohydrates : include starch &
Sugars Provide us with a
ready source of
Potatoes ,
rice, bread
,
yams ,
Simple sugars are absorbed almost
immediately energy
that is
easily respired Sugar & honey
by the stomach into the blood
Proteins Digested acids to then In fish Meat milk & nuts
into amino make order for
body to & develop
:
grow ,
, ,
our ow n protein . There are 20 amino acids to make new cells replace old ones
and bodies must have all of them . -
Can be respired for
energy
our
Fats : ·
stored under the skind around heart &
Kidneys long term energy store , when we a re short Butter Cheese
, ,
meat ,
fish nuts
,
1g fat releases twice much
·
of as
energy as of energy
Good thermal insulators &
buoyancy to
carbohydrates or
protein give
marine animals
Water : Makes up 2/3 of our
body mass Needed for chemical reactions that take place
We take in water when
in solution . Transports substanced . Waste)
(e g .
we eat or drink
Obesity :
Causes high : intake of fatty foods & refined foods containing
·
Obease people a re m o re
likely to develop problems such as heart disease ,
lot of added too little exercise
high blood pressure , diabetes & arthritis (worn joints)
a
sugar ,
Stress Body mass (kg)
comfort food Body mass index : 20 =
underweight
Height/meters
25 =
overweight
30 = obease
, Animal Nutrition
There are two types of fats : unsaturated come from fish & plants
Monounsaturated fats have little effect on blood cholesterol
Polyunsaturated fats may help reduce
cholesterol concentrations
Saturated come from animals can increase concentration of cholesterol in ou r blood
high concentrations of cholesterol in the blood a re linked to
narrowing of arteries ,
an increased risk of
developing high blood
pressure & heart disease . (cholesterol is made in the liver found ,
in the blood)
Vitamins & Minerals : Needed in small amounts for the
body's metabolism
Role Rich food disease
in
body source
deficiency
Vitamin C tissue repair, helps healing of Oranges Lemons
Scurry (bleeding gums)
-
,
wounds & formation of Scar tissue other citrus fruits
-
Resistance to disease
Vitamin D -
Needed for small intestine to absorb Calcium fish-liver oil ,
butter
, eggs & milk rickets-bones become soft & bend
-
to regulate the deposition of Calcium in bone cells (also made
by skin in Sun) Osteomalacia-bones become soft
(strengthen teeth & bones)
iron -
Needed to make haemoglobin to transport oxygen liver ,
meat , c o c o a anaemia-tiredness & lack of
energy
-
Girls need iron to menstruate shortness of breath
Calcium-deposited in bones & teeth as calcium phosphate Milk, cheese fish, ,
weak brittle bones & teeth Crickets),
,
hardening blood clotting muscle weekness &
them
, green vegetables cramps
Fibre from plants It made of c e l l u l o s e Adds bulk to food prevents constipation bran cereals cabbage,
: comes .
is
mainly our
, ,
cannot be digested ,
doesn't provide us with
energy
·
Reduces risk of heart disease & bowel cancer sweetcorn and
celery
Peristalsis : contractions in
digestive organs
Kwashiorkor Marasmus
-
Protein-energy malnutrition
-
lack of Carbohydrates & protein
Symptoms dry skin,
pot-belly irritability reduced muscle & fat tissue
-
weakness,
-
:
,
-Cure : intake of protein in the form of dried skimmed milk
-
treatment provision of
:
an
energy rich diet
·
Our food is made up of nutrients which can be divided into macronutrients (food substances that you eat in
relatively large amounts . ) <fats , proteins Carbs ,
Micronutrients a re foods we eat in small quantities > Vitamins & minerals
A balaned diet must include :
·
Food is used :
for growth
Enough provided by carbohydrates fats & - as a source of energy
-
energy , proteins
Essencial For replacement of &
damaged tissues
-
acids
-
amino from proteins wor n
-to
Essential
falty acids from fats regulate the
body's metabolism
-
-
micronutrients vitamins & : nutrients BMR basal :
metabolic rate (men have a
higher BMR)
-
Water to replace water lost in urine , sweat breath & faeces
your ,
-
fibre for moving food to anus
along the gut
Carbohydrates : include starch &
Sugars Provide us with a
ready source of
Potatoes ,
rice, bread
,
yams ,
Simple sugars are absorbed almost
immediately energy
that is
easily respired Sugar & honey
by the stomach into the blood
Proteins Digested acids to then In fish Meat milk & nuts
into amino make order for
body to & develop
:
grow ,
, ,
our ow n protein . There are 20 amino acids to make new cells replace old ones
and bodies must have all of them . -
Can be respired for
energy
our
Fats : ·
stored under the skind around heart &
Kidneys long term energy store , when we a re short Butter Cheese
, ,
meat ,
fish nuts
,
1g fat releases twice much
·
of as
energy as of energy
Good thermal insulators &
buoyancy to
carbohydrates or
protein give
marine animals
Water : Makes up 2/3 of our
body mass Needed for chemical reactions that take place
We take in water when
in solution . Transports substanced . Waste)
(e g .
we eat or drink
Obesity :
Causes high : intake of fatty foods & refined foods containing
·
Obease people a re m o re
likely to develop problems such as heart disease ,
lot of added too little exercise
high blood pressure , diabetes & arthritis (worn joints)
a
sugar ,
Stress Body mass (kg)
comfort food Body mass index : 20 =
underweight
Height/meters
25 =
overweight
30 = obease
, Animal Nutrition
There are two types of fats : unsaturated come from fish & plants
Monounsaturated fats have little effect on blood cholesterol
Polyunsaturated fats may help reduce
cholesterol concentrations
Saturated come from animals can increase concentration of cholesterol in ou r blood
high concentrations of cholesterol in the blood a re linked to
narrowing of arteries ,
an increased risk of
developing high blood
pressure & heart disease . (cholesterol is made in the liver found ,
in the blood)
Vitamins & Minerals : Needed in small amounts for the
body's metabolism
Role Rich food disease
in
body source
deficiency
Vitamin C tissue repair, helps healing of Oranges Lemons
Scurry (bleeding gums)
-
,
wounds & formation of Scar tissue other citrus fruits
-
Resistance to disease
Vitamin D -
Needed for small intestine to absorb Calcium fish-liver oil ,
butter
, eggs & milk rickets-bones become soft & bend
-
to regulate the deposition of Calcium in bone cells (also made
by skin in Sun) Osteomalacia-bones become soft
(strengthen teeth & bones)
iron -
Needed to make haemoglobin to transport oxygen liver ,
meat , c o c o a anaemia-tiredness & lack of
energy
-
Girls need iron to menstruate shortness of breath
Calcium-deposited in bones & teeth as calcium phosphate Milk, cheese fish, ,
weak brittle bones & teeth Crickets),
,
hardening blood clotting muscle weekness &
them
, green vegetables cramps
Fibre from plants It made of c e l l u l o s e Adds bulk to food prevents constipation bran cereals cabbage,
: comes .
is
mainly our
, ,
cannot be digested ,
doesn't provide us with
energy
·
Reduces risk of heart disease & bowel cancer sweetcorn and
celery
Peristalsis : contractions in
digestive organs
Kwashiorkor Marasmus
-
Protein-energy malnutrition
-
lack of Carbohydrates & protein
Symptoms dry skin,
pot-belly irritability reduced muscle & fat tissue
-
weakness,
-
:
,
-Cure : intake of protein in the form of dried skimmed milk
-
treatment provision of
:
an
energy rich diet
