A4M ANSWERS AND QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔Causes of Low Cholesterol - ✔✔Immune decline
Chronic hepatitis
Cholesterol lowering drugs
Essential fatty acid deficiency
Liver infection or disease
Manganese deficiency
Adrenal stress
Recreational drugs (cocaine, marijuana)
Excessive exercise (especially in females)
Low fat diets
Psychological stress
Cancer
✔✔What are tocotrienols and how do they affect cholesterol? - ✔✔Are a special kind of
vitamin E
Modifies the expression and activity of
HMGCoA reductase (this enzyme decreases
how quickly your body makes cholesterol)
Reduces apolipoprotein B and lipoprotein
plasma levels
Decreases plaque formation in your arteries
✔✔Methods To Increase HDL - ✔✔L-carnitine
Niacin
Guggulipid
Policosanol
Coenzyme Q-10
Magnesium
Pantethine
✔✔How does high estrogen levels affect SHBG? High testosterone? - ✔✔High
estrogen increases SHBG. High T levels decrease SHBG production.
, ✔✔Causes of low SHBG in men - ✔✔Hypothyroidism, steroid usage, Cushing's,
acromegaly, obesity, hyperprolactinoma
✔✔agent used to treat low T in patients wishing to preserve fertility - ✔✔clomid. not
effective in pt older than 55. dosage 25-50 mg / day.
✔✔Preferred method of treatment of low T in younger patients - ✔✔HCG. Treatment of
choice in males without leydig cell failure. Need to have LH < 3 in order for tx to be
effective. most common dosing is 1000 mg twice weekly SC. need to have hormonal
holiday - 6 weeks on, 2 weeks off.
✔✔what does presence of high fecal triglycerides indicate - ✔✔fat maldigestion
✔✔which type of fiber is responsible for lowering blood sugar and lowering blood
cholesterol? - ✔✔Soluble fiber
✔✔function of insoluble fiber in gut - ✔✔Aids with bulk formation and elimination of
waste
✔✔Gas patterns at different times after eating - ✔✔Immediately after meals - lack of
stomach acid or food allergies
1/2 - 1 hour after meals - small bowel overgrowth or unfriendly bacteria
several hours after meals - pancreatic enzyme deficiency, food allergies and / or lactose
intolerance
✔✔Cholesterol is precursor for what 5 steroid hormone classes - ✔✔Progestagens;
glucocorticoids; mineralocorticoids; androgens; estrogens
✔✔Most common cause of penile erectile dysfunction? Other causes of ED? -
✔✔Vascular disorders = #1 cause of ED. Other causes are psychological, hormonal, or
due to enzyme interference (PDE-5 decreases erection)
✔✔Treatments for ED - ✔✔Antidepressants (serotonin increases ejaculatory threshold
and delays ejaculation), desensitizing products, exercises such as stop-start technique
✔✔Top 10 factors contributing to relative ineffectiveness of chemotherapy - ✔✔Cancer
cell DNA mutation; gene amplification; drug-pumping mechanism; repairing DNA
breaks; cance
✔✔proinflammatory cytokines involved in cancers - ✔✔TNF@, IL1, IL6, IL8
✔✔Role of pH in cancer - ✔✔Caner maintains an acidic extracellular medium. Cancer
cells use glucose / anaerobic glycolysis, generating lactic acid. Cancer cells push
excess hydrogen ions out of the cell, generating extracellular acidic milieu.
✔✔Causes of Low Cholesterol - ✔✔Immune decline
Chronic hepatitis
Cholesterol lowering drugs
Essential fatty acid deficiency
Liver infection or disease
Manganese deficiency
Adrenal stress
Recreational drugs (cocaine, marijuana)
Excessive exercise (especially in females)
Low fat diets
Psychological stress
Cancer
✔✔What are tocotrienols and how do they affect cholesterol? - ✔✔Are a special kind of
vitamin E
Modifies the expression and activity of
HMGCoA reductase (this enzyme decreases
how quickly your body makes cholesterol)
Reduces apolipoprotein B and lipoprotein
plasma levels
Decreases plaque formation in your arteries
✔✔Methods To Increase HDL - ✔✔L-carnitine
Niacin
Guggulipid
Policosanol
Coenzyme Q-10
Magnesium
Pantethine
✔✔How does high estrogen levels affect SHBG? High testosterone? - ✔✔High
estrogen increases SHBG. High T levels decrease SHBG production.
, ✔✔Causes of low SHBG in men - ✔✔Hypothyroidism, steroid usage, Cushing's,
acromegaly, obesity, hyperprolactinoma
✔✔agent used to treat low T in patients wishing to preserve fertility - ✔✔clomid. not
effective in pt older than 55. dosage 25-50 mg / day.
✔✔Preferred method of treatment of low T in younger patients - ✔✔HCG. Treatment of
choice in males without leydig cell failure. Need to have LH < 3 in order for tx to be
effective. most common dosing is 1000 mg twice weekly SC. need to have hormonal
holiday - 6 weeks on, 2 weeks off.
✔✔what does presence of high fecal triglycerides indicate - ✔✔fat maldigestion
✔✔which type of fiber is responsible for lowering blood sugar and lowering blood
cholesterol? - ✔✔Soluble fiber
✔✔function of insoluble fiber in gut - ✔✔Aids with bulk formation and elimination of
waste
✔✔Gas patterns at different times after eating - ✔✔Immediately after meals - lack of
stomach acid or food allergies
1/2 - 1 hour after meals - small bowel overgrowth or unfriendly bacteria
several hours after meals - pancreatic enzyme deficiency, food allergies and / or lactose
intolerance
✔✔Cholesterol is precursor for what 5 steroid hormone classes - ✔✔Progestagens;
glucocorticoids; mineralocorticoids; androgens; estrogens
✔✔Most common cause of penile erectile dysfunction? Other causes of ED? -
✔✔Vascular disorders = #1 cause of ED. Other causes are psychological, hormonal, or
due to enzyme interference (PDE-5 decreases erection)
✔✔Treatments for ED - ✔✔Antidepressants (serotonin increases ejaculatory threshold
and delays ejaculation), desensitizing products, exercises such as stop-start technique
✔✔Top 10 factors contributing to relative ineffectiveness of chemotherapy - ✔✔Cancer
cell DNA mutation; gene amplification; drug-pumping mechanism; repairing DNA
breaks; cance
✔✔proinflammatory cytokines involved in cancers - ✔✔TNF@, IL1, IL6, IL8
✔✔Role of pH in cancer - ✔✔Caner maintains an acidic extracellular medium. Cancer
cells use glucose / anaerobic glycolysis, generating lactic acid. Cancer cells push
excess hydrogen ions out of the cell, generating extracellular acidic milieu.
