** All Chapters included
,Table of Contents are given below
Chapter 1. Overview of Health Informatics & Healthcare Data
Chapter 2. Electronic Health Records and Clinical Information Systems
Chapter 3. Healthcare Standards, Classification Systems, and Healthcare
Information Exchange
Chapter 4. Implementing Healthcare Information Systems
Chapter 5. Understanding Databases
Chapter 6. Healthcare Informatics and Decision Support
Chapter 7. Introduction to Research
Chapter 8. Introduction to Data Science
Chapter 9. Data Analytics and Machine Learning
Chapter 10. Privacy of Health Information
Chapter 11. Security for Health Information
Chapter 12. Data Governance
Chapter 13. Ethics
Chapter 14. Technology for Digital Health: Telemedicine and Mobile Health
Systems
Chapter 15. Public Health Informatics
Chapter 16. Trends and Emerging Technologies
,Chapter 1: Foundations of Health Informatics
Background
An introduction of the history and foundations of health informatics (HI) is necessary to
understand the history and the present state of health informatics and to provide the perspective
to consider the potential for the future. As a growing field of data science is becoming more
central to the field of health informatics, this chapter focuses more on the relationship between
HI and health data science. Central to the future of HI is the transformation of data to knowledge
which is also the focus of this chapter. An overview of HI field is discussed using the illustration
of health data lifecycle. DIKW Pyramid is used to illustrate the transformation of data into
knowledge and wisdom. The unique challenges of health informatics and the drivers behind
health informatics are also discussed from the perspective of data volume and complexities.
Learning Objectives
• Define health informatics and how it relates to the emerging field of data science
• Discuss the health data life cycle
• Describe the drivers behind health informatics
• Examine the unique challenges of health informatics
• Interpret the health informatics core competencies
• Articulate the transformation of data into knowledge and wisdom
Key Terms
Data
Data acumen
Data literacy
DIKW pyramid
Health data science
Health informatics
Information
Knowledge
Semantic gap
Wisdom
Chapter Outline
1. Introduction
2. Overview of the Book Using the Health Data Life Cycle
3. Forces That Shape the Health Informatics Field
4. Forces That Shape the Health Informatics Field
5. Challenges Unique to Health Data
6. From Data to Knowledge
, 7. Skills Required for Health Informatics and Health Data Science Professionals
Teaching Tips
This chapter provides the means for the students to begin building their informatics vocabulary
and to recognize the breadth of all that healthcare informatics encompasses and the exciting new
field within health informatics: health data science. A recognition of the importance of health
informatics and health data science regardless of previous healthcare education and training
should instill excitement and the desire to learn more.
Activities
Guest Speakers
Potential guest speakers could include:
• Individuals in the Chief Information Officer, Chief Knowledge Officer, or other
informatics related position to explain their areas of responsibility and provide an
overview of informatics activities within their organization, and the skills needed for
these positions. Guest speakers who could attest to the benefits of incorporating health
informatics such as improved care would reinforce the potential.
• One actively engaged in the data analytics or health data science to explain how to
manage big data and how to transform complex data into decision making.
Field Trip or Site Visit
The class could visit an analytical division or quality improvement division of local healthcare
organization data center. Learn about how they collect and analyze information and how they
turn data into information and knowledge that can be used for decision making.
Analysis Using Web Resources
Go to online job website such as indeed.com, glassdoor.com, or linkedin.com and search for job
postings for “health informatics” or “health data science.” Compare job postings or job
descriptions to determine skills and experience required for various positions in health
informatics
Literature Review/Additional Readings
Meyer, M. A. (2019). Healthcare data scientist qualifications, skills, and job focus: A content
analysis of job postings. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 26(5),
383–391. https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article/26/5/383/5369358?login=true
Sandefer, R., Marc, D., Mancilla, D., & Hamada, D. (2015). Survey predicts future HIM
workforce shifts: HIM industry estimates the job roles, skills needed in the near future Links
to an external site.. Journal of AHIMA, 86(7), 32– 35.
Friedman C.P. (2009). A Fundamental Theorem of Biomedical Informatics. JAMIA, 16 (2),
169-170.